The present invention provides for an ice-nucleating particle for cloud seeding and other applications, which can initiate ice nucleation at a temperature of−8° C. Further, the ice nucleation particle number increased continuously and rapidly with the reducing of temperature. The ice nucleating particle in the present invention is a nanostructured porous composite of 3-dimensional reduced graphene oxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles (PrGO-SN). The present invention also provides for a process for synthesizing the PrGO-SN.

An example method includes providing coal and extracting the graphene from the coal. The graphene may be extracted using any suitable technique, such as the Hummers method, a modified Hummers method, or exfoliation of graphite. The graphene may include impurities or other electrical properties that depend at least partially on the composition of the coal. The method may further include forming a life science device from the graphene. The life science device may include, for example, a biosensor or a drug delivery system.

A polymer material molded product includes a polymer material and a porous carbon material having an X-ray diffraction spectral characteristic shown in the following (1) or (2), (1): a peak derived from a (002) plane of carbon is observed, a half width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is 5° or more, and a half width of a peak derived from a (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less, and (2): the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is not observed, and the half width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less.

A slurry of the graphene oxides comprises the graphene oxides and a solvent. The graphene oxides include a strong graphene oxide and a weak graphene oxide. The slurry can be used to make composite films of graphene oxides and graphene heat-conducting films. The slurry includes two graphene oxides with different degrees of oxidation, which can increase a carbon content in the graphene oxide per unit mass, so that the finally obtained graphene heat-conducting film has more carbon.

A heat spreader. The heat spreader includes a copper substrate layer, and at least one layer of graphene deposited on the copper substrate layer.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance graphite sheet by imidizing a polyamic acid resulting from a reaction of dianhydride monomer(s) and diamine monomer(s) to obtain a polyimide film; and carbonizing and/or graphitizing the polyimide film to obtain a high-performance graphite sheet, where the polyimide film contains 2 or more fillers having different average particle diameters, and the thermal conductivity of the graphite sheet is at least 1,400 W/m.Math.K. Further, the present invention provides a graphite sheet obtained by the above method.

Provided is a graphene foam-based sealing material comprising: (a) a graphene foam framework comprising pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant binder or matrix material that coats and embraces the exterior surfaces of the graphene foam framework and/or infiltrates into pores of the graphene foam, occupying from 10% to 100% (preferably from 10% to 98% and more preferably from 20% to 90%) of the pore volume of the graphene foam framework.

An example method includes providing coal and extracting the graphene from the coal. The graphene may be extracted using any suitable technique, such as the Hummers method, a modified Hummers method, or exfoliation of graphite. The graphene may include impurities or other electrical properties that depend at least partially on the composition of the coal. The method may further include forming a life science device from the graphene. The life science device may include, for example, a biosensor or a drug delivery system.

Provided are a slurry of graphene oxides with different degrees of oxidation, a composite film of graphene oxides, and a graphene heat-conducting film. The slurry of the graphene oxides comprises the graphene oxides and a solvent, and the graphene oxides include a strong graphene oxide and a weak graphene oxide, wherein the slurry comprises two graphene oxides with different degrees of oxidation, which can increase a carbon content in the graphene oxide per unit mass, so that the finally obtained graphene heat-conducting film has more carbon.

Provided is a process for producing a solid graphene foam-based sealing material. The process comprises: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, which contains an optional blowing agent; (b) dispensing and depositing the graphene dispersion into desired shapes and partially or completely removing the liquid medium from these shapes to form dried graphene shapes; (c) heat treating the dried graphene shapes at a first heat treatment temperature from 50° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from the non-carbon elements or to activate the blowing agent for producing the graphene foam; and (d) coating or impregnating the graphene foam with a permeation-resistant binder or matrix material to form the sealing material.