The invention relates to a host material for stabilizing a Li metal electrode, fabricating methods and applications of the same. The host material includes crumpled graphene balls operably defining a scaffold having volumes and voids inside and in between the crumpled graphene balls so as to allow uniform and stable Li deposition/dissolution inside and in between the crumpled graphene balls without electrode volume fluctuations or with sufficiently small electrode volume fluctuations. The crumpled paper ball-like structures of graphene particles can readily assemble to yield the scaffold with scalable Li loading up to 10 mAh cm-2 within tolerable volume fluctuations. High Coulombic efficiency of 97.5% over 750 cycles (1500 hours) is achieved. Plating/stripping Li up to 12 mAh cm-2 on the crumpled graphene scaffold does not experience dendrite growth.

The invention relates to an exfoliation method according to which a fluid loaded with particles flows at a first flow rate into a first (2), and then into a second, section of a pipe (1), the first flow rate being suitable for generating shear stresses and cavitation bubbles in the fluid as it passes through the first section (2) of the pipe (1), the second section (3) having a hydraulic diameter suitable for bringing about an implosion of cavitation bubbles as soon as the fluid exits the first section (2) and flows into the second section (3), so that an exfoliation of the particles is brought about under the combined action of the shear stresses and a shock wave generated by the implosion of the cavitation bubbles, the first section (2) having a hydraulic diameter less than 300 m.

A method of making a carbon foam comprises subjecting a precursor composition comprising an amount of at least partially decomposed lignin to a first pressure for a first time, optionally, while heating the precursor composition to a first temperature; heating the compressed precursor composition to a second temperature for a second period of time while subjecting the compressed precursor composition to a second pressure to further decompose the at least partially decomposed lignin and to generate pores within the compressed precursor composition, thereby providing a porous, decomposed precursor composition; and heating the porous, decomposed precursor composition to a third temperature for a third time to carbonize, and optionally, to graphitize, the porous, decomposed precursor composition to provide the carbon foam. Also provided are the carbon foams and composites made from the carbon foams.

A method for preparation of high-quality graphene on the surface (0001) of silicon carbide by superficial graphitisation of the compound in a stream of silicon atoms from an external sublimation source is disclosed.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, which can comprise ink or a rubber object comprising reactive graphene. The reactive graphene comprises a graphene core that is chemically bonded with a reactive shell. The graphene core is a graphene hybrid composite comprising graphene and one or more of nanocarbon, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and/or pristine graphene, etc.

A process for preparing a graphene nanomaterial product, the process comprising: cavitating a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic hydrocarbon component to synthesise from the diaromatic hydrocarbon component a dispersion of graphene nanomaterial in the liquid medium; and obtaining a graphene nanomaterial product from the dispersion.

Provided are nanocrystalline graphene and a method of forming the nanocrystalline graphene through a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. The nanocrystalline graphene may have a ratio of carbon having an sp.sup.2 bonding structure to total carbon within the range of about 50% to 99%. In addition, the nanocrystalline graphene may include crystals having a size of about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm.

The present disclosure relates to graphene. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method for continuously preparing thermally conductive graphene films. A graphite oxide containing 40-60 wt % of moisture is directly stripped at a high temperature; and then, procedures such as dispersion, defoaming, coating, stripping, trimming, and reduction are performed to prepare thermally conductive graphene films with high thermal conductivity coefficient and strong electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. In the method, because of directly stripping the graphite oxide containing 40-60 wt % of moisture at a high temperature, the procedure of drying the graphite oxide is omitted, achieving low energy consumption and low manufacturing costs. Compared with preparing slurry by directly dispersing the graphite oxide, the concentration of the slurry after high temperature stripping is higher, and can reach 3-20 wt %.

A super-flexible high thermal conductive graphene film and a preparation method thereof are provided. The graphene film is obtained from ultra large homogeeous graphene sheets through processes of solution film-forming, chemical reduction, high temperature reduction, high pressure suppression and so on. The graphene film has an intensity in a range of 1.93 to 2.11 g/cm.sup.3, is formed by overlapping planar oriented graphene sheets with an average size of more than 100 m with each other through - conjugate action, and comprises 1 to 4 layers of graphene sheets which have few defects. The graphene film can be repeatedly bent for 1200 times or more, with elongation at break of 12-18%, electric conductivity of 8000-10600 S/cm, thermal conductivity of 1800-2600 W/mK, and can be used as a highly flexible thermal conductive device.

This present invention disclosed a compressive graphene hydrogel and relates to a preparation method thereof. The compressive graphene hydrogel is obtained using the oxidized graphene and phytic acid as raw materials, wherein the oxidized graphene is used as the precursor. The obtained graphene hydrogel has a rich micro gap structure, a super large surface area, and high conductivity.