The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graphene dispersion which has high dispersibility and which is capable of exhibiting high electrical conductivity and ionic conductivity when used as a raw material for producing an electrode material. The present invention provides a graphene dispersion including a graphene, an amine compound having a molecular weight of 150 or less, and an organic solvent, wherein the mass ratio of an amine compound to the graphene is 0.005 or more and 0.30 or less.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graphene which has high dispersibility, high electrical conductivity and oxidation resistance namely a graphene which has high electrochemical stability. In order to achieve the above-described purpose, a surface-treated graphene according to the present invention is obtained by having a compound represented by general formula (1) or a neutralized salt thereof adhere to a graphene. In general formula (1), A represents a benzene-based aromatic group with a condensation number of 1-4, which has no phenolic hydroxy group; R.sup.1 represents a direct bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1-12 carbon atoms, or a divalent organic group having 1-12 carbon atoms, which has a structure selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, an alcohol structure and a carbonyl structure; each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1-12 carbon atoms, or an organic group having 1-12 carbon atoms, which has a structure selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, an alcohol structure and a carbonyl structure; and n represents an integer of 1-6. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a method for dispersing graphene. The method includes the following steps: providing a graphene material and a graphene dispersant, wherein the graphene dispersant comprises aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative, the aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative is an electroactive polymer, and the aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative is able to combine with the graphene material via - bond; and adding the graphene material and the graphene dispersant to a dispersing medium, making the aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative combine with the graphene material via - bond, and dispersing the graphene material in the dispersing medium by the graphene dispersant.

Bulk direct transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) may have an increased interlayer separation of at least 0.5, 1, or 3 angstroms more than its bulk value. The TMDC may be a bulk direct band gap molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) or a bulk direct band gap tungsten diselenide (WSe.sub.2). Oxygen may be between the interlayers. A device may include the TMDC, such as an optoelectronic device, such as an LED, solid state laser, a photodetector, a solar cell, a FET, a thermoelectric generator, or a thermoelectric cooler. A method of making bulk direct transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) with increased interlayer separation may include exposing bulk direct TMDC to a remote (aka downstream) oxygen plasma. The plasma exposure may cause an increase in the photoluminescence efficiency of the TMDC, more charge neutral doping, or longer photo-excited carrier lifetimes, as compared to the TMDC without the plasma exposure.

In A dispersion of graphenic carbon nanoparticles is disclosed comprising a solvent, greater than one weight percent graphenic carbon nanoparticles based upon a total weight of the dispersion comprising thermally produced graphenic carbon nanoparticles and base graphene particles, and a polymeric resin dispersant. The weight ratio of the graphenic carbon nanoparticles to the dispersant may be greater than 5:1, and the dispersion may have an instability index of less than 0.7. A method is also disclosed for dispersing graphenic carbon particles in a solvent. A polymeric resin dispersant is mixed into the solvent, and graphenic carbon nanoparticles comprising thermally produced graphenic carbon nanoparticles and base graphenic particles are dispersed into the solvent.

Graphene coated fabrics including graphene and/or its derivative(s) at very low concentrations, preferably between 0.0001 to 1 wt %, wherein the graphene coated fabric is characterized by one or more features, preferably at least two, at least three, at least four or all features selected from anti-microbial, antistatic, wicking, thermal cooling, anti-odour, and ultraviolet protection. In particular, a fabric coated with graphene at an amount ranging from about 0.0001% (w/w) to 1% (w/w), wherein the graphene is a combination of single layer graphene and multilayer graphene, and wherein the graphene has a surface area of about 300 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.

The present disclosure provides a graphene-based dispersion. Said dispersion is characterized by the presence of graphene at a concentration ranging from about 0.0001% (w/w) to about 20% (w/w). The present disclosure further provides a method of preparing the graphene-based dispersion comprising mixing components of the graphene-based dispersion in a high shear mixer. The graphene-based dispersion of the present disclosure is characterized by beneficial features such as but not limited to homogeneity and stability. Further provided in the present disclosure are applications of the graphene-based dispersion.

A method of producing graphene including the following steps is provided. A graphite material is dispersed in a solution to form a graphite suspension solution. A first crushing process and a second crushing process are performed on the graphite suspension solution sequentially to crush the graphite material, so as to form the graphene. The first crushing process includes applying a first pressure to the graphite suspension solution, and the second crushing process includes applying a second pressure to the graphite suspension solution. The second pressure is greater than the first pressure.

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer article, comprising a polymer component, a first layer of multiple graphene sheets coated on a surface of the polymer component, and a second layer of a plated metal chemically, electrochemically or electrolytically deposited on the first layer, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein multiple graphene sheets are bonded to the polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin and the first layer has a thickness from 0.34 nm to 30 m.

A method of preparing a composite material includes the steps of: (a) dispersing graphene material and graphene oxide material in a solution, where the weight ratio of the graphene material to the graphene oxide material is between 0.2-1; and (b) after step (a), stirring the solution at a first temperature.