A conductive material, and a method for preparing the same are provided. The conductive material has a structure where a plurality of graphene sheets are interconnected, wherein an oxygen content is 1 wt % or higher based on the total weight of the conductive material, and a D/G peak ratio is 2.0 or less when the Raman spectrum is measured.

Provided are plasma processes for producing graphene nanosheets comprising injecting into a thermal zone of a plasma a carbon-containing substance at a velocity of at least 60 m/s standard temperature and pressure STP to nucleate the graphene nanosheets, and quenching the graphene nanosheets with a quench gas of no more than 1000 C. The injecting of the carbon-containing substance may be carried out using a plurality of jets. The graphene nanosheets may have a Raman G/D ratio greater than or equal to 3 and a 2D/G ratio greater than or equal to 0.8, as measured using an incident laser wavelength of 514 nm. The graphene nanosheets may be produced at a rate of at least 80 g/h. The graphene nanosheets can have a polyaromatic hydrocarbon concentration of less than about 0.7% by weight.

Methods include producing tunable carbon structures and combining carbon structures with a polymer to form a composite material. Carbon structures include crinkled graphene. Methods also include functionalizing the carbon structures, either in-situ, within the plasma reactor, or in a liquid collection facility. The plasma reactor has a first control for tuning the specific surface area (SSA) of the resulting tuned carbon structures as well as a second, independent control for tuning the SSA of the tuned carbon structures. The composite materials that result from mixing the tuned carbon structures with a polymer results in composite materials that exhibit exceptional favorable mechanical and/or other properties. Mechanisms that operate between the carbon structures and the polymer yield composite materials that exhibit these exceptional mechanical properties are also examined.

Provided is a composite substrate which is provided with: a single crystal silicon carbide thin film 11 having a thickness of 1m or less; a handle substrate 12 which supports the single crystal silicon carbide thin film 11 and is formed from a heat-resistant material (excluding single crystal silicon carbide) having a heat resistance of not less than 1,100 C.; and an intervening layer 13 which has a thickness of 1m or less and is arranged between the single crystal silicon carbide thin film 11 and the handle substrate 12, and which is formed from at least one material selected from among silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, zirconium oxide, silicon and silicon carbide, or from at least one metal material selected from among Ti, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Zr, Mo, Ta and W. This composite substrate according to the present invention enables the formation of a nanocarbon film having few defects at low cost.

Provided herein are graphene nanoribbons with high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Also provided herein are graphene nanoplatelets of superior structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Further provided herein are mixtures of graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets of good structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate, collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface where the substrate moves continuously and sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps. Further processing steps convert the synthesized carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoplatelets and mixtures thereof.

Provided herein are graphene nanoribbons with high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Also provided herein are graphene nanoplatelets of superior structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Further provided herein are mixtures of graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets of good structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate, collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface where the substrate moves continuously and sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps. Further processing steps convert the synthesized carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoplatelets and mixtures thereof.

An example method includes providing coal and extracting the graphene from the coal. The graphene may be extracted using any suitable technique, such as the Hummers method, a modified Hummers method, or exfoliation of graphite. The graphene may include impurities or other electrical properties that depend at least partially on the composition of the coal. The method may further include forming a life science device from the graphene. The life science device may include, for example, a biosensor or a drug delivery system.

Methods for the production of reduced graphene oxide worm (rGOW) particles. Graphite particles are placed in mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. A supply of chlorate is provided to the graphite reaction mixture while it is agitated by a sparger. The resulting graphite oxide slurry is pumped to a tangential filtration system where it is purified and concentrated. The concentrated slurry is then fed to a high temperature spray dryer where it is simultaneously dried and chemically reduced to produce rGOW particles.

Proposed is a method of preparing an independent free-standing graphene film. The graphene film is obtained by means of suction filtration of graphene oxide into a film, solid phase transfer, chemical reduction and the like steps. The graphene film is formed by means of physical cross-linking of a single layer of oxidized/reduced graphene oxide. The graphene film has a thickness of 10-2000 atomic layers. The graphene oxide film has a small thickness and a large number of defects inside, so that it has good transparency and excellent flexibility. On the basis of the transfer film-forming method above, an independent free-standing wrinkled graphene film having a nanoscale thickness is prepared by using a poor solvent and a special high temperature annealing process, and an independent free-standing foamed graphene film having a nanoscale thickness is obtained by using a film-forming thickness and a special high temperature annealing process.

A method of fabricating a graphene material, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) illuminating device, and a display device are provided. The method of fabricating the graphene material has steps of synthesizing and reducing a target object. The fabricated graphene material has advantages of good quality and no impurities. The OLED illuminating device has a substrate, an anode layer, a cathode layer, an organic coating layer, and a graphene material and/or a graphene material layer. The graphene material is doped in at least one of the anode layer, the cathode layer, and the organic coating layer, and/or disposed between an anode and the substrate and/or between the organic coating layer and the cathode layer to form the graphene material layer, which has excellent thermal conductivity, and heat within the OLED illuminating device can be effectively and quickly conducted. The display device has the OLED illuminating device, which increase service life.