The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

The present disclosure is directed to a potassium-form MER framework type zeolite, a MER framework type zeolite having a stick-like morphology, wherein the potassium is present as K.sup.+ in extra-framework locations. The zeolite is essentially free of an extra-framework cation other than potassium.

Continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter in a controlled temperature and steam environment to produce a low volatility char, with subsequent steam activation of the char under pressure producing activated carbon and pressurized syn-gas, all of which are carried out in a reactor system including one or more vessels. The syn-gas is enriched in hydrogen in a high temperature shift reactor and separated in a pressurized swing adsorber to provide a pressurized pure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure combustible tail gas. The tail gas and the volatiles from the thermolysis step are combusted to provide process steam and electric power. The electric power is used to supplement the thermal requirements of the process with the balance being exported.

A method for removing an oxygen molecule from a carbon-monoxide-containing gas which includes removing water from a platinum catalyst by heat treating the platinum catalyst in a heat treatment vessel until the concentration of water contained in inert gas discharged from the heat treatment vessel after being supplied to the heat treatment vessel and used in the heat treatment is less than 1000 vol ppm; and bringing the carbon-monoxide-containing gas into contact with the platinum catalyst to remove an oxygen molecule from the carbon-monoxide-containing gas. Also disclosed is a step of removing carbon dioxide from gas after removing an oxygen molecule using a carbon dioxide adsorbent, as well as a pressure swing adsorption step of recovering carbon monoxide from gas after removing carbon dioxide by a pressure swing adsorption method, to obtain purified carbon monoxide having a purity of 99.95 vol % or more.

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

A method and system for purification of helium and CO.sub.2 from a stream containing at least Helium, CO2, nitrogen or methane uses a combination of cryogenic, membrane and adsorption technologies.

Continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter in a controlled temperature and steam environment to produce a low volatility char, with subsequent steam activation of the char under pressure producing activated carbon and pressurized syn-gas, all of which are carried out in a reactor system including one or more vessels. The syn-gas is enriched in hydrogen in a high temperature shift reactor and separated in a pressurized swing adsorber to provide a pressurized pure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure combustible tail gas. The tail gas and the volatiles from the thermolysis step are combusted to provide process steam and electric power. The electric power is used to supplement the thermal requirements of the process with the balance being exported.

A process comprising: subjecting a process gas containing NOx to a stage for absorption of NOx in a suitable absorption means, obtaining nitric acid and a tail gas containing nitrogen, argon and residual NOx; subjecting said tail gas to a treatment which comprises at least one NOx removal stage, obtaining a conditioned tail gas; subjecting at least a portion of said conditioned tail gas to a separation treatment, obtaining a product stream containing argon and a product stream containing nitrogen.

The present invention relates to porous carbon spheres via one-step non-catalytic and activation-free chemical vapor deposition method possessing a large volume of ultra-micropores. The ultra-micropore structure allows for with good cyclic stability, easy regeneration, favorable selectivity, and rapid sorption kinetics resulting in high capacity of CO.sub.2 capture at atmospheric and low pressures.

Methods and systems related to valorizing carbon dioxide are disclosed. A disclosed system includes a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor, a carbon dioxide source connection fluidly connecting a carbon dioxide source to the RWGS reactor, an electrolyzer having an anode area and a cathode area, and a carbon monoxide source connection fluidly connecting the RWGS reactor to the cathode area. The RWGS reactor is configured to generate, using a volume of carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source connection, a volume of carbon monoxide in a RWGS reaction. The electrolyzer is configured to generate, using the electrolyzer and a reduction of the volume of carbon monoxide from the carbon monoxide source connection and an oxidation of an oxidation substrate, a volume of generated chemicals including hydrocarbons, organic acids, alcohol, olefins, or N-rich organic compounds.