Disclosed herein are methods and systems to isolate nitrogen from a mixture of gases. In an embodiment, a method of isolating nitrogen from a gaseous mixture involves contacting the gaseous mixture with a superparamagnetic catalyst to form a reaction mixture, and exposing the reaction mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field at ambient conditions.

The present invention relates a process and apparatus that recovers a helium rich stream from a mixed gas having low concentrations of helium therein. More specifically, the invention relates to an integrated process and apparatus for treating a mixed feed gas from an operating process that produces a fluid product from natural gas containing helium, such as processes that produce ammonia, methanol, or liquid hydrocarbons.

A feed stream including hydrogen sulfide is heated to a preheat temperature. At least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide in the feed stream is converted into hydrogen and sulfur to form a mixed product stream including the hydrogen, the sulfur, and a remaining, unconverted portion of the hydrogen sulfide. The preheat temperature is a temperature that is sufficiently hot to maintain a desired reaction temperature while converting at least the portion of the hydrogen sulfide in the feed stream into hydrogen and sulfur. At least a portion of the mixed product stream is cooled to a specified temperature at which recombination of the hydrogen and the sulfur into hydrogen sulfide is prevented. Cooling at least the portion of the mixed product stream includes condensing at least a portion of the sulfur to form a sulfur stream.

The invention relates to a method for the low-emission production of carbon monoxide (CO) for the production of phosgene, from which, for example, polycarbonates or organic isocyanates, and polyurethanes therefrom, can be produced using a process for the partial oxidation with gasification of polymeric recyclable materials. The invention further relates to a device that can be used for this purpose and to the use of said gasification process and/or polymeric recyclable materials to provide carbon monoxide for the production of phosgene.

The present invention provides systems and methods for simultaneously producing a high-purity helium gas product, a methanol-water liquid mixture, and a methane-rich fuel product from a hydrogen-rich feedstock gas containing helium by treating the hydrogen-rich feedstock gas containing helium and carbon dioxide in a reverse water gas shift unit (1500) to produce carbon monoxide, which is then treated in a methanol production unit (300) and a methanol absorption unit (400) to produce a methanol-aqueous solution and a methanol-free gas. The methanol-free gas is then treated in a methane production unit (500) to produce methane, which is then treated in a carbon dioxide recovery membrane unit (1100) and a cryogenic nitrogen rejection unit (600) to produce the methanol-water liquid mixture, the methane-rich fuel product, and a helium-rich gas. The helium-rich gas is then treated to produce the high-purity helium gas product.

A device and a method for recovering by-product oxygen from water-electrolysis hydrogen production using a low-temperature method are provided, solving the waste problem of by-product oxygen in the green water-electrolysis hydrogen production system. The device according to the present disclosure comprises an oxygen clarifying system, a pressurizing and heat exchanging system, and a circulating gas compression and expansion refrigeration system. The recovering method according to the present disclosure comprises the following steps: first clarifying and purifying the by-product oxygen from water-electrolysis hydrogen production is to remove hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and other impurities in the oxygen; and then, liquefying, pressurizing and heat exchanging the pure oxygen to obtain the product oxygen and liquid oxygen with required pressure. In the whole process, the cooling capacity is provided by the circulating gas expansion refrigeration system.

This invention introduces practical procedures for concentration, purification and utilization of rare antigravitational hydrogen atoms created during early universe or later violent astronomical events following pair-production symmetry. A tall cryogenic concentration container maintains liquid hydrogen at extremely low, uniform and stable temperature with minimal convection and thermal diffusion. Rare molecules with zero gravity containing one rare antigravitational hydrogen atoms drift up and accumulate to the top by buoyancy. The concentrated zero-gravity hydrogen molecules are then chemically and/or physically broken down into individual atoms and recombined resulting in hydrogen molecules carrying normal gravity, zero gravity, and repulsive antigravity, respectively. When liquified and maintained in the cryogenic concentration container, the antigravitational hydrogen molecules are repelled to the top to be separated and purified. Cryogenic containers holding purified antigravitational liquid hydrogen can provide sustained levitation and propulsion for vehicles, aircrafts, space elevators, satellites, and spacecrafts consuming no fuel or energy.

A hydrogen production system for producing a hydrogen gas product includes a geologic hydrogen source configured to provide a feedstock comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, and helium and purification equipment comprising two or more of: a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) device; a guard bed; a separation membrane; a reactive membrane; or a cryogenic separation device. The purification equipment is configured to receive the feedstock from the geologic hydrogen source and produce a hydrogen gas product, and production of the hydrogen gas product exhibits a carbon intensity score less than 3.0 kg CO.sub.2 eq/kg H.sub.2.

A device and a method for producing hydrogen and byproduct oxygen by using green electricity electrolyzed water are provided. The device comprises an oxygen purifying system, a heat exchange system, an air separation compression and expansion system, an air separation rectification system and a liquid oxygen storage system. The method comprises the following steps: first, purifying oxygen prepared by electrolyzing water by green electricity to remove impurities such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water in the oxygen, then feeding the pure oxygen into the heat exchange system, performing heat exchange liquefaction to obtain liquid oxygen, coupling the liquid oxygen generated by rectification of the air separation rectification system, and obtaining pressurized oxygen through the heat exchange system and the air separation compression and expansion system.

The invention relates to a method for separating gases which comprises: a first step in which a gas fuel stream comprising combustible substances that produce gas products when oxidised, and an oxygen-rich inlet stream are passed through at least two modules of oxygen-separating ceramic membranes, such that the two streams come into contact through the membranes and exchange heat; a second step of selective diffusion of oxygen from the oxygen-rich stream to the fuel stream, such that the outlet streams from the membrane modules are an oxygen-depleted or completely oxygen-free stream and a partially or completely oxidised stream; and a third step of recovery of at least two separate outlet streams of at least two gases selected from oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.