The present invention relates to a process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters from the alcoholysis of alpha-hydroxycarboxamides in the gas phase, characterized in that the conversion is effected in the presence of water.

An ammonia precursor generating system includes: a storage compartment storing at least ammonia precursor granules; a tank storing an ammonia precursor solution; a dissolving compartment configured to store an ammonia precursor solution, and to dissolve ammonia precursor granules in the ammonia precursor solution; a transfer mechanism configured to transfer ammonia precursor granules from the storage compartment to the dissolving compartment; a fluid transfer device configured to transfer the ammonia precursor solution from the tank to the dissolving compartment.

Ammonia gas generator for producing ammonia from a solution of an ammonia precursor substance comprising a catalyst unit, which comprises a catalyst for the decomposition and/or hydrolysis of ammonia precursor substances into ammonia and a mixing chamber arranged upstream of the catalyst, an injection device for introducing the solution of the ammonia precursor substance into the mixing chamber, and an outlet for the ammonia gas formed, wherein the injection device comprises a nozzle which produces droplets having a Sauter mean diameter D.sub.32 of 26 to 100 m.

Ammonia gas generator for producing ammonia from a solution of an ammonia precursor substance comprising a catalyst unit, which comprises a catalyst for the decomposition and/or hydrolysis of ammonia precursor substances into ammonia and a mixing chamber arranged upstream of the catalyst, an injection device for introducing the solution of the ammonia precursor substance into the mixing chamber, and an outlet for the ammonia gas formed, wherein the injection device comprises a nozzle which produces droplets having a Sauter mean diameter D.sub.32 of 26 to 100 m.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters from the alcoholysis of alpha-hydroxycarboxam ides in the gas phase, characterized in that the conversion is effected in the presence of water.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters from the alcoholysis of alpha-hydroxycarboxam ides in the gas phase, characterized in that the conversion is effected in the presence of water.

Methods and systems for producing a pressurized ammonia-containing gas stream from aqueous urea. The method comprising pumping an aqueous urea-containing solution to a fluid-tight enclosure at a rate to match the external demand for ammonia-gas, wherein a fluid heat transfer medium is applied to the exterior of the fluid-tight enclosure to transfer heat to the aqueous urea-containing solution sufficient to hydrolyze the solution to an ammonia gaseous product. The systems comprise means for carrying out the methods.

Disclosed herein are novel devices, systems, and methods for resource recovery from various feed streams, including both liquid and solid waste streams. Specifically disclosed is a plasma gasification unit and/or system operated or controlled by artificial intelligence (AI). The AI can utilize reinforcement learning (RL) processes to adjust operational parameters for maximizing efficiency and/or output. The plasma gasification unit and/or system may be modular and/or mobile, with portions sized such that they may be contained in one or more shipping containers. The plasma gasification unit and/or system may also include one or more plasma gasification chambers, and uses electrical energy to form a high temperature plasma arc that gasifies feed materials (e.g., brine, brackish water, plastics) into saleable products (e.g., hydrogen, syngas and other fuels, methanol, ammonia, urea).

Disclosed herein are novel devices, systems, and methods for resource recovery from various feed streams, including both liquid and solid waste streams. Specifically disclosed is a plasma gasification unit and/or system operated or controlled by artificial intelligence (AI). The AI can utilize reinforcement learning (RL) processes to adjust operational parameters for maximizing efficiency and/or output. The plasma gasification unit and/or system may be modular and/or mobile, with portions sized such that they may be contained in one or more shipping containers. The plasma gasification unit and/or system may also include one or more plasma gasification chambers, and uses electrical energy to form a high temperature plasma arc that gasifies feed materials (e.g., brine, brackish water, plastics) into saleable products (e.g., hydrogen, syngas and other fuels, methanol, ammonia, urea).

Systems and methods for producing ammonia are described. In one embodiment, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are dissolved in a solution. A glutamine synthetase inhibitor and autotrophic diazotroph bacteria are also placed in the solution.