The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nanocrystalline metal oxide particles comprising the steps of a) the introduction of a starting compound into a reaction chamber by means of a carrier fluid, b) the subjecting of the starting compound in a treatment zone to a pulsating thermal treatment, c) the forming of nanocrystalline metal oxide particles, d) the removal of the nanocrystalline metal oxide particles obtained in steps b) and c) from the reactor, wherein the starting compound is introduced into the reaction chamber in the form of a solution, slurry, suspension or in solid aggregate state. Further, the present compound relates to a catalyst material, obtainable by the process according to the invention, in particular a catalyst material for use in the preparation of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

A process for operating a fuel fired reactor includes introducing fuel into the reactor and burning the fuel in the reactor by means of at least one main burner. Relevant parameters of the process are monitored. Within a predetermined critical operating range for an enforced shut down, a secondary, more stringent operating range is implemented as shut down criteria. The main burner is shut down upon one or more of the relevant parameters leaving the secondary operating range while at least one pilot burner continues to operate as long as the relevant parameters are maintained within the critical operating range.

A colored sapphire material and methods for coloring sapphire material using lasers are disclosed. The method for coloring the sapphire material may include positioning the sapphire material over an opaque substrate material, exposing the opaque substrate material to a laser beam passing through the sapphire material to impact the substrate material, and inducing a chemical change in a portion of the sapphire material exposed to the laser beam. The method may also include creating a visible color in the portion of the sapphire material as a result of the chemical change. The colored sapphire material may include a first transparent portion, and a second, colored portion substantially surrounded by the first portion. The second, colored portion may have a chemical composition different than that of the first portion.

A method for preparing a crystallized solid material of formula LiCl.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2O with n being comprised between 0.01 and 10, includes mixing in an aqueous medium, at least one source of alumina and at least one source of lithium in order to obtain a suspension, filtering the resulting suspension obtained for obtaining a slurry, followed by drying the obtained slurry and shaping the dried slurry after the drying to obtain a shaped solid material. The shaping is carried out in absence of a binder followed by drying and a hydrothermal treatment to obtain the shaped crystallized solid material of formula LiCl.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2O. A method for extracting lithium from saline solutions uses the thereby prepared material.

Inorganic oxide particles having a D50 of 5.5-9.0 m and a pressure loss of 1.75-2.81 kPa in air permeation at a pressure of 12 kPa.

Inorganic oxide particles having a D50 of 5.5-9.0 m and a pressure loss of 1.75-2.81 kPa in air permeation at a pressure of 12 kPa.

The present invention pertains to a protective fluid for alumina, a protection method, and a production method for semiconductor substrate having an alumina layer using same. This alumina protective fluid is characterized by: containing 0.0001%-20% by mass of an alkali earth metal compound; and the alkali earth metal being at least one selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, strontium, and barium. As a result of the present invention, alumina corrosion can be suppressed during the production process for semiconductor circuits.

The present invention pertains to a protective fluid for alumina, a protection method, and a production method for semiconductor substrate having an alumina layer using same. This alumina protective fluid is characterized by: containing 0.0001%-20% by mass of an alkali earth metal compound; and the alkali earth metal being at least one selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, strontium, and barium. As a result of the present invention, alumina corrosion can be suppressed during the production process for semiconductor circuits.

An aluminium hydroxide hydrogel for agriculture is provided. The aluminium hydroxide hydrogel includes aluminium polyhydrate and water.

An aluminium hydroxide hydrogel for agriculture is provided. The aluminium hydroxide hydrogel includes aluminium polyhydrate and water.