Combustion apparatuses (e.g., burners) and methods, such as those configured to encourage mixing of fluid, flame stability, and synthesis of materials (e.g., nano-particles), among other things.

An anode material includes a silicon composite substrate. In the X-ray diffraction pattern of the anode material, the highest intensity at 2θ within the range of 28.0° to 29.0° is I.sub.2, and the highest intensity at 2θ within the range of 20.5° to 21.5° is I.sub.1, wherein 0<I.sub.2/I.sub.1≤1. The anode material has good cycle performance, and the battery prepared with the anode material has better rate performance and a lower swelling rate.

A process for producing a metal oxide powder proceeds by spray pyrolysis, in which a mixture comprising ammonia and an aerosol which is obtained by atomizing a solution containing a metal compound by means of an atomization gas is introduced into a high-temperature zone of a reaction space and reacted in an oxygen-containing atmosphere therein and the solids are subsequently separated off.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of aluminum oxide particles of spherical morphology and with a particles size in the submicron range.

A catalyst-free synthesis method for the formation of a metalorganic compound comprising a desired (first) metal may include, for example, selecting another (second) metal and an organic solvent, with the second metal being selected to (i) be more reactive with respect to the organic solvent than the first metal and (ii) form, upon exposure of the second metal to the organic solvent, a reaction by-product that is more soluble in the organic solvent than the metalorganic compound. An alloy comprising the first metal and the second metal may be first produced (e.g., formed or otherwise obtained) and then treated with the organic solvent in a liquid phase or a vapor phase to form a mixture comprising (i) the reaction by-product comprising the second metal and (ii) the metalorganic compound comprising the first metal. The metalorganic compound may then be separated from the mixture in the form of a solid.

A catalyst-free synthesis method for the formation of a metalorganic compound comprising a desired (first) metal may include, for example, selecting another (second) metal and an organic solvent, with the second metal being selected to (i) be more reactive with respect to the organic solvent than the first metal and (ii) form, upon exposure of the second metal to the organic solvent, a reaction by-product that is more soluble in the organic solvent than the metalorganic compound. An alloy comprising the first metal and the second metal may be first produced (e.g., formed or otherwise obtained) and then treated with the organic solvent in a liquid phase or a vapor phase to form a mixture comprising (i) the reaction by-product comprising the second metal and (ii) the metalorganic compound comprising the first metal. The metalorganic compound may then be separated from the mixture in the form of a solid.

Core-shell particles may be based on red lead coated with pyrogenically produced titanium dioxide and/or a pyrogenically produced aluminum oxide, and a process may prepare such core-shell particles which may be used in lead-acid batteries. The red lead may include PbO.sub.2 in a range of from 25 to 32 wt. %.

The rate of release of a well treatment agent into a well may be controlled by introducing into the well a screen containing a well treatment composite having a well treatment agent and a support for the well treatment agent. The diameter of the substrate is less than the diameter of the opening of the screen of the screen assembly. Over time, the well treatment agent is released from the substrate and passes from the interior of the screen into the well.

There is provided a process for purifying aluminum ions comprising: reacting an aluminum-containing material with an acid so as to obtain a composition comprising aluminum ions; precipitating said aluminum ions in the form of AlCl.sub.3; optionally converting AlCl.sub.3 into Al(OH).sub.3; and heating said AlCl.sub.3 or said Al(OH).sub.3 under conditions effective for converting AlCl.sub.3 or Al(OH).sub.3 into Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and optionally recovering gaseous HCl so-produced. Aluminum ions so purified are thus useful for preparing various types of alumina.

A method for preparing two-dimensional (2D) ordered mesoporous nanosheets by inorganic salt interface-induced assembly includes the following steps: carrying out, by using a soluble inorganic salt as a substrate and an amphiphilic block copolymer as a template, uniform mass diffusion of a target precursor solution at an inorganic salt crystal interface through vacuum filtration or low-speed centrifugation; forming a single-layer ordered mesoporous structure by using the solvent evaporation-induced co-assembly (EICA) technology; and promoting, through gradient temperature-controlled Ostwald ripening, the evaporation and induced formation of an organic solvent, and removing the template in N2 to obtain a 2D single-layer ordered mesoporous nanosheet material. The assembled nanosheet material has a large pore size, regular spherical pores and orderly arrangement. By changing the type of the precursor, a variety of mesoporous metal oxides, metal elements, inorganic non-metal nanosheets are synthesized.