Method and apparatus for preparing at least one metal chloride from metal oxide containing material comprising calcining the metal oxide containing material under temperature conditions sufficient to obtain a calcined product comprising at least one metal oxide; and selectively chlorinating the calcined product to form at least one metal chloride.

A metal chloride generator is provided. The metal chloride generator is a metal chloride centrifugal reactor that can be operated under conditions sufficient to cause metal particles and chlorine in the generator to be brought into contact with one another and react using centrifugal force to form metal chloride. A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide that utilizes the metal chloride generator is also provided.

A metal chloride generator is provided. The metal chloride generator is a metal chloride centrifugal reactor that can be operated under conditions sufficient to cause metal particles and chlorine in the generator to be brought into contact with one another and react using centrifugal force to form metal chloride. A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide that utilizes the metal chloride generator is also provided.

A method comprises reacting an aluminum feedstock with an acid in the presence of water to provide an aluminum salt solution comprising an aluminum salt in water, wherein the aluminum salt comprises a reaction product of the acid and aluminum, and spray roasting the aluminum salt solution at a temperature of at least about 450 C. to provide an aluminum oxide powder, wherein the spray roasting is performed in a furnace lined with a refractory comprising alumina that is at least about 99.2% purity alumina, and wherein the aluminum oxide powder is 99.2% pure aluminum oxide or greater.

A method comprises reacting an aluminum feedstock with an acid in the presence of water to provide an aluminum salt solution comprising an aluminum salt in water, wherein the aluminum salt comprises a reaction product of the acid and aluminum, and spray roasting the aluminum salt solution at a temperature of at least about 450 C. to provide an aluminum oxide powder, wherein the spray roasting is performed in a furnace lined with a refractory comprising alumina that is at least about 99.2% purity alumina, and wherein the aluminum oxide powder is 99.2% pure aluminum oxide or greater.

Aluminum chlorohydrate salts having an amount of Peak 1 material relative based on a total of Peaks 3, 4, and 5 of at least 20% as measured by size exclusion chromatography, together with water treatment compositions, antiperspirant compositions, and oral care compositions, comprising the same, and methods for making and using the same.

A composition comprising an aluminum chlorohydrate salt, the aluminum chlorohydrate salt having at least 50 mole % Al.sub.30 polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cation of all polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cations detectable by quantitative .sup.27Al NMR within the aluminum chlorohydrate salt, and a buffer. The composition can optionally include zirconium. Also disclosed are a method of making an aluminum salt using an increased molar concentration of a starting aluminum salt with a buffer, a method of reducing perspiration with the aluminum chlorohydrate salt, and a method of treating water with the aluminum chlorohydrate salt.

A method for production of phosphate compounds comprises dissolving of a raw material comprising phosphorus, aluminium and iron, in a mineral acid. Insoluble residues from the dissolving step are separated. Iron hydroxide is added causing precipitation of phosphate compounds. The precipitated phosphate compounds are removed. The phosphate compounds are dissolved by an alkaline solution. Iron hydroxide is filtered out. Lime is added, causing precipitation of calcium phosphate. The precipitated calcium phosphate is separated. The leach solution after the separating of precipitated calcium phosphate is recycled to be used for dissolving phosphate compounds by an alkaline solution.

A method for production of phosphate compounds comprises dissolving of a raw material comprising phosphorus, aluminium and iron, in a mineral acid. Insoluble residues from the dissolving step are separated. Iron hydroxide is added causing precipitation of phosphate compounds. The precipitated phosphate compounds are removed. The phosphate compounds are dissolved by an alkaline solution. Iron hydroxide is filtered out. Lime is added, causing precipitation of calcium phosphate. The precipitated calcium phosphate is separated. The leach solution after the separating of precipitated calcium phosphate is recycled to be used for dissolving phosphate compounds by an alkaline solution.

A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx?, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx?, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction.