A process for generating calcium fluoride particles having a particle size (d50) of from about 15 m to about 300 m. The process features contacting a gas stream having gaseous hydrogen fluoride (HF) with a fluidized bed of calcium carbonate particles in a fluidized bed reactor.

A process for generating calcium fluoride particles having a particle size (d50) of from about 15 m to about 300 m. The process features contacting a gas stream having gaseous hydrogen fluoride (HF) with a fluidized bed of calcium carbonate particles in a fluidized bed reactor.

Disclosed are an additive raw material composition and an additive for superhard material product, a method for preparing the additive, a composite binding agent, a superhard material product, a self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel and a method for manufacturing the same. The raw material composition consisting of components in following mass percentage: Bi2O3 25%40%, B2O3 25%40%, ZnO 5%25%, SiO2 2%10%, Al2O3 2%10%, Na2CO3 1%5%, Li2CO3 1%5%, MgCO3 0%5%, and CaF2 1%5%. The composite binding agent is prepared from the additive and a metal composite binding agent. The self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel prepared from the composite binding agent has high self-sharpness, high strength, and fine texture, is uniformly consumed during the grinding process, does not need to be trimmed during the process of being used, and maintains good grinding force all the time, fundamentally solving the problems of long trimming time and high trimming cost of the diamond grinding wheel.

Disclosed are an additive raw material composition and an additive for superhard material product, a method for preparing the additive, a composite binding agent, a superhard material product, a self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel and a method for manufacturing the same. The raw material composition consisting of components in following mass percentage: Bi2O3 25%40%, B2O3 25%40%, ZnO 5%25%, SiO2 2%10%, Al2O3 2%10%, Na2CO3 1%5%, Li2CO3 1%5%, MgCO3 0%5%, and CaF2 1%5%. The composite binding agent is prepared from the additive and a metal composite binding agent. The self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel prepared from the composite binding agent has high self-sharpness, high strength, and fine texture, is uniformly consumed during the grinding process, does not need to be trimmed during the process of being used, and maintains good grinding force all the time, fundamentally solving the problems of long trimming time and high trimming cost of the diamond grinding wheel.

A hydride ion conductor is represented by:

MAMBH.sub.4-xF.sub.xFormula (1), where MA is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba, MB is selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ca, and is different from MA, and x is 0<x<4.

A hydride ion conductor is represented by:

MAMBH.sub.4-xF.sub.xFormula (1), where MA is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba, MB is selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ca, and is different from MA, and x is 0<x<4.

A method for treating wastewater containing fluorine is disclosed. The method for treating wastewater includes applying a vacuum to a membrane unit including a membrane having a hollow, injecting wastewater into the membrane unit so that the wastewater contacts an outer surface of the membrane, recovering hydrofluoric acid gas by evaporating hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the wastewater based on a vacuum applied to the inner surface of the membrane and moving the evaporated hydrofluoric acid (HF) to the inner surface through the membrane, injecting sweep gas into the membrane unit to discharge hydrofluoric acid gas remaining on the inner surface of the membrane, and forming a metal fluoride by reacting the recovered hydrofluoric acid gas with a metal oxide or metal hydroxide using a scrubbing process.

A method for treating wastewater containing fluorine is disclosed. The method for treating wastewater includes applying a vacuum to a membrane unit including a membrane having a hollow, injecting wastewater into the membrane unit so that the wastewater contacts an outer surface of the membrane, recovering hydrofluoric acid gas by evaporating hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the wastewater based on a vacuum applied to the inner surface of the membrane and moving the evaporated hydrofluoric acid (HF) to the inner surface through the membrane, injecting sweep gas into the membrane unit to discharge hydrofluoric acid gas remaining on the inner surface of the membrane, and forming a metal fluoride by reacting the recovered hydrofluoric acid gas with a metal oxide or metal hydroxide using a scrubbing process.

A fluoride ion conductor contains potassium, at least one alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, and strontium, and fluorine. The fluoride ion conductor includes a phase of a compound containing potassium, at least one alkaline earth metal, and fluorine.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an anode material that is used in a fluoride ion battery and can prevent the decrease in operating voltage while inhibiting occurrence of short circuit. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an anode material to be used in a fluoride ion battery, the anode material comprising a Mg material containing a Mg element, and a fluoride ion conductive material containing at least one kind of metal element excluding a Mg element, and a F element.