A method for reducing parasites in aquatic animals is provided. The method includes administering to the aquatic animal a compound comprising propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) having the formula RSOa-SR, where R represents n-propyl group (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3) and a is 2 and also propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) having the formula RSOa-SR, where R represents n-propyl group (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3) and a is 1, so that a combination of PTS and PTSO is administered to the aquatic animal resulting in the reduction of a plurality of crustaceans infecting the aquatic animal in response to administering the combination of PTS and PTSO to the aquatic animal.

A method for reducing parasites in aquatic animals is provided. The method includes administering to the aquatic animal a compound comprising propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) having the formula RSOa-SR, where R represents n-propyl group (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3) and a is 2 and also propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) having the formula RSOa-SR, where R represents n-propyl group (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3) and a is 1, so that a combination of PTS and PTSO is administered to the aquatic animal resulting in the reduction of a plurality of crustaceans infecting the aquatic animal in response to administering the combination of PTS and PTSO to the aquatic animal.

A method for reducing parasites in aquatic animals is provided. The method includes administering to the aquatic animal a compound comprising propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) having the formula RSOa-SR, where R represents n-propyl group (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3) and a is 2 and also propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) having the formula RSOa-SR, where R represents n-propyl group (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3) and a is 1, so that a combination of PTS and PTSO is administered to the aquatic animal resulting in the reduction of a plurality of crustaceans infecting the aquatic animal in response to administering the combination of PTS and PTSO to the aquatic animal.

Provided herein are agricultural compositions, kits, and methods for improving crop productivity and enhancing plant phenotypes. Generally, the compositions and kits comprise an osmoprotectant and one or both of an anti-desiccant and an anti-respirant. Additional compositions and kits are provided that comprise an anti-dessicant and an anti-respirant. Further compositions and kits are provided that comprise a first osmoprotectant and a second osmoprotectant, the first and second osmoprotectants being different from one another. The methods provided herein generally comprise exogenously applying the agricultural composition to a plant.

Provided herein are agricultural compositions, kits, and methods for improving crop productivity and enhancing plant phenotypes. Generally, the compositions and kits comprise an osmoprotectant and one or both of an anti-desiccant and an anti-respirant. Additional compositions and kits are provided that comprise an anti-dessicant and an anti-respirant. Further compositions and kits are provided that comprise a first osmoprotectant and a second osmoprotectant, the first and second osmoprotectants being different from one another. The methods provided herein generally comprise exogenously applying the agricultural composition to a plant.

In crop production in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and the like, the damage caused by insect pests etc. is still immense, and insect pests resistant to existing insecticides have emerged. Under such circumstances, the development of novel agricultural and horticultural insecticides is desired. The present invention provides an amide compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each represent a nitrogen atom or a CH group, R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 each represent a haloalkyl group, R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group, and m represents 0, 1 or 2) or a salt thereof; an agricultural and horticultural insecticide and microbicide comprising the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a method for using the insecticide and microbicide.

In crop production in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and the like, the damage caused by insect pests etc. is still immense, and insect pests resistant to existing insecticides have emerged. Under such circumstances, the development of novel agricultural and horticultural insecticides is desired. The present invention provides an amide compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each represent a nitrogen atom or a CH group, R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 each represent a haloalkyl group, R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group, and m represents 0, 1 or 2) or a salt thereof; an agricultural and horticultural insecticide and microbicide comprising the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a method for using the insecticide and microbicide.

The present invention is directed to antiviral compositions that provide efficacy against non-envelope viruses such as noroviruses. The antiviral compositions comprise an alkyl 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an effective amount of a sulfonated surfactant. The composition may be used as a topical on human skin, as a hand sanitizer or as a hard surface cleaning composition.

The present invention is directed to antiviral compositions that provide efficacy against non-envelope viruses such as noroviruses. The antiviral compositions comprise an alkyl 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an effective amount of a sulfonated surfactant. The composition may be used as a topical on human skin, as a hand sanitizer or as a hard surface cleaning composition.

The present invention is directed to antiviral compositions that provide efficacy against non-envelope viruses such as noroviruses. The antiviral compositions comprise an alkyl 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an effective amount of a sulfonated surfactant. The composition may be used as a topical on human skin, as a hand sanitizer or as a hard surface cleaning composition.