The disclosure provides, inter alia, formulations comprising cerium (III) carbonate, and processes for producing cerium (III) carbonate. In embodiments, the disclosure provides methods for passivating photodegradation of organic compounds using cerium (III) carbonate.

The disclosure provides, inter alia, formulations comprising cerium (III) carbonate, and processes for producing cerium (III) carbonate. In embodiments, the disclosure provides methods for passivating photodegradation of organic compounds using cerium (III) carbonate.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for recovery of ancylite, a rare earth mineral comprising strontium carbonate, from rare earth ore. In many embodiments, the disclosed methods and systems provide for recovery of greater than 50% of the ancylite from an ancylite containing ore. In many embodiments, the ore is subjected to flotation in the presence of an acid, for example a hydroxamic acid, such as octanohydroxamic acid. The ore may also be subjected to magnetic separation, for example wet high intensity magnetic separation.

Provided are methods for recovering a rare earth metal from an aqueous solution containing at least two metals. The methods entail: providing an aqueous solution containing rare earth metal ions from a rare earth metal and base metal ions from a base metal that is a transition metal; adding to the aqueous solution a solvent to capture carbon dioxide; and recovering the rare earth metal by: introducing a source of (bi)carbonate or carbamate anion into the solution, thereby forming a rare earth metal carbonate; forming a soluble base metal complex which enables separation of the rare earth element; and precipitating the rare earth metal carbonate from the aqueous solution, thereby forming a rare earth metal-depleted aqueous solution.

Provided are methods for recovering a rare earth metal from an aqueous solution containing at least two metals. The methods entail: providing an aqueous solution containing rare earth metal ions from a rare earth metal and base metal ions from a base metal that is a transition metal; adding to the aqueous solution a solvent to capture carbon dioxide; and recovering the rare earth metal by: introducing a source of (bi)carbonate or carbamate anion into the solution, thereby forming a rare earth metal carbonate; forming a soluble base metal complex which enables separation of the rare earth element; and precipitating the rare earth metal carbonate from the aqueous solution, thereby forming a rare earth metal-depleted aqueous solution.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing cerium (III) hydroxy carbonate by contacting a cerium (III) nitrate with urea at elevated temperatures and in the substantial absence of a polymer dispersant.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing cerium (III) hydroxy carbonate by contacting a cerium (III) nitrate with urea at elevated temperatures and in the substantial absence of a polymer dispersant.

The present invention is a method of producing a lanthanum carbonate hydroxide or lanthanum oxycarbonate which has improved properties. The method involves the use of a water soluble lanthanum and a water soluble non-alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate. The resulting material can be used as a phosphate binder individually or for treating patients with hyperphosphatemia.

The present invention is a method of producing a lanthanum carbonate hydroxide or lanthanum oxycarbonate which has improved properties. The method involves the use of a water soluble lanthanum and a water soluble non-alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate. The resulting material can be used as a phosphate binder individually or for treating patients with hyperphosphatemia.

A method for producing rare earth carbonate fine particles, including, forming a reaction solution in which an alkyldimethylamine oxide compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1) or a methylmorpholine oxide compound is added to an aqueous solution containing rare earth ion and an excess amount of urea with respect to the rare earth ion, such that the compound is added in an addition amount of 10 to 200 mol % relative to the rare earth ion, and subjecting the reaction solution to hydrothermal treatment to produce rare earth carbonate fine particles. This provides a method for producing rare earth carbonate fine particles of submicron or less and having excellent dispersibility. ##STR00001##
wherein R represents an alkyl group of C1 to C14.