According to one or more embodiments presently described, a method for processing metal-containing materials may include passing a feed stream through a first conduit of a multi-conduit reactor, the feed stream including metal-containing material in a molten phase; passing a fluid stream through a second conduit of the multi-conduit reactor; and contacting the feed stream with the fluid stream in a mixing zone downstream of the first conduit and second conduit, thereby causing a chemical or physical change in the one or more materials of the feed stream to form a product stream comprising metal-containing particles.

The present invention relates to a manufactured graphene/metal or metalloid core-shell composite and manufacturing method thereof. The method comprising: using a modified graphene oxide as a base, then performing concentration and steam drying followed by organic solvent replacement to obtain a modified graphene oxide organic solvent; using a liquid-phase self-assembly method to coat the modified graphene oxide onto a surface of the metal or metalloid to form a graphene/metal or metalloid coated particle solution, then filtering and drying to obtain the graphene metal/metalloid core-shell composite. The method improves upon a conventional organic and inorganic material coating technique, and reduces an impact of a water-based solvent and high temperature on a highly reactive metal and metalloid, thereby expanding the feasibility of the coating technique and addressing a barrier of applicability of graphene and reactive metal or metalloid in the field of energetic materials.

The present disclosure provides a composite material of a pre-formed crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor particles embedded in a crystalline or polycrystalline perovskite matrix material. The pre-formed crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor particles and and crystalline or polycrystalline perovskite being selected so that any lattice mismatch between the two lattices does not exceed about 10%. The pre-formed crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor particles and said crystalline or polycrystalline perovskite matrix material have lattice planes that are substantially aligned.

The present disclosure provides a composite material of a pre-formed crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor particles embedded in a crystalline or polycrystalline perovskite matrix material. The pre-formed crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor particles and and crystalline or polycrystalline perovskite being selected so that any lattice mismatch between the two lattices does not exceed about 10%. The pre-formed crystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor particles and said crystalline or polycrystalline perovskite matrix material have lattice planes that are substantially aligned.

A method for recovering lead oxide from a pre-desalted lead paste, comprising the following steps: a. dissolving the pre-desalted lead plaster by using a complexing agent solution, and making all of PbO therein react with the complexing agent to generate lead complexing ions, obtaining a lead-containing solution and a filter residue; b. adding a precipitant to the lead-containing solution, and then the precipitant reacting with the lead complexing ions to generate a lead salt precipitate and the regenerated complexing agent; c. calcining the lead salt precipitate to obtain lead oxide and regenerate the precipitant. The final recovery rate of lead oxide of the method can reach 99% or more.

A method for recovering lead oxide from a pre-desalted lead paste, comprising the following steps: a. dissolving the pre-desalted lead plaster by using a complexing agent solution, and making all of PbO therein react with the complexing agent to generate lead complexing ions, obtaining a lead-containing solution and a filter residue; b. adding a precipitant to the lead-containing solution, and then the precipitant reacting with the lead complexing ions to generate a lead salt precipitate and the regenerated complexing agent; c. calcining the lead salt precipitate to obtain lead oxide and regenerate the precipitant. The final recovery rate of lead oxide of the method can reach 99% or more.

A method for rapidly isolating a biological molecule for a nucleic acid amplification reaction from a biological sample, the method comprising: putting a cubical shaped-porous solid phase having a plurality of pores varied in size in contact with a biological sample to get the biological molecule present in the biological sample sucked into pores of the cubical shaped-porous solid phase, wherein the cubical shaped-porous solid phase is made of ceramic having oxide material, which is selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Fe2O3, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), PbO, and ZnO.

A method for rapidly isolating a biological molecule for a nucleic acid amplification reaction from a biological sample, the method comprising: putting a cubical shaped-porous solid phase having a plurality of pores varied in size in contact with a biological sample to get the biological molecule present in the biological sample sucked into pores of the cubical shaped-porous solid phase, wherein the cubical shaped-porous solid phase is made of ceramic having oxide material, which is selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Fe2O3, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), PbO, and ZnO.

A composition is provided comprising one or more of alpha lead oxide, beta lead oxide, metallic lead. Pb.sub.2O.sub.3 and Pb.sub.3O.sub.4, the composition comprising particles comprising sub-particles, the sub-particles having a mean greatest dimension of from 10 to 300 nm. Methods of making such a composition are also described.

A composition is provided comprising one or more of alpha lead oxide, beta lead oxide, metallic lead. Pb.sub.2O.sub.3 and Pb.sub.3O.sub.4, the composition comprising particles comprising sub-particles, the sub-particles having a mean greatest dimension of from 10 to 300 nm. Methods of making such a composition are also described.