A perovskite material represented by Formula 1:
Li.sub.xA.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.3-?Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, 0<x?1, 0<y?1, 0<x+y<1, 0<z?1.5, 0???1, A is H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, or a combination thereof, and M is Ni, Pd, Pb, Fe, Ir, Co, Rh, Mn, Cr, Ru, Re, Sn, V, Ge, W, Zr, Mo, Hf, U, Nb, Th, Ta, Bi, Li, H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Mg, Al, Si, Sc, Zn, Ga, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, Pt, Au, or a combination thereof.

Provided is a titanium-containing oxide powder whose main component is a titanium-containing oxide represented by Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12 or Ti.sub.1?X/2Nb.sub.2O.sub.7?X (0?X<2), the titanium-containing oxide powder containing the titanium-containing oxide particles and a solvate ionic liquid, the solvate ionic liquid comprising a Li salt and an organic solvent.

Provided is a method for producing a negative electrode material for a lithium secondary battery. The method for producing a negative electrode material for a lithium secondary battery may comprise the steps of: preparing a base structure including lithium-titanium-oxide (Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12, LTO); improving the electrical conductivity and lithium ion conductivity of the base structure by primarily heat treating the base structure; and eliminating oxygen vacancies present in the primarily heat-treated base structure by secondarily heat treating the primarily heat-treated base structure.

A high-rate lithium cobaltate cathode material, which contains a multi-channel network formed by fast ionic conductor Li.sub.M.sub.O.sub., mainly consists of lithium cobaltate. The lithium cobaltate is melted together with the fast ionic conductor Li.sub.M.sub.O.sub. in the form of primary particles to form secondary particles. Besides, the lithium cobaltate is embedded in the multi-channel network formed by fast ionic conductor Li.sub.M.sub.O.sub.. The element M in Li.sub.M.sub.O.sub. is one or more of Ti, Zr, Y, V, Nb, Mo, Sn, In, La, W and 14, 15, 212. The lithium cobaltate cathode material is mainly obtained by uniformly mixing cobaltous oxide impregnated with a hydroxide of M and lithium source, then by the sintering reaction in an air atmosphere furnace at a high temperature. The product of the present invention can greatly promote the lithium ion conductivity of the lithium cobaltate cathode material during the charging and discharging process of the lithium-ion battery, and improve the rate performance of the material.

A lithium-ion battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, in which the cathode includes a current collector and a cathode mixture applied on at least one side of the current collector, the cathode mixture includes a lithium transition metal oxide as a cathode active material, the anode includes a lithium titanium complex oxide as an anode active material, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a fluorine-containing boric acid ester.

A composite material including a carbon-containing material and a non-stoichiometric titanium compound shown by a chemical formula of Li.sub.4+xTi.sub.5xO.sub.12, where x is in a range of 0<x<0.30, the composite material including at least one composite particle that has a core portion including the non-stoichiometric titanium compound and a mixed layer formed on a surface of the core portion, the mixed layer including non-stoichiometric titanium compound and carbon, and having an atomic ratio of titanium and carbon in a range of Ti/C=1/50 or more.

A toner is provided, which contains a toner particle and a metal titanate particle, wherein, in a number-based particle size distribution of the metal titanate particle on the surface of the toner particle, when D10, D50 and D90 denote the particle diameter at which the cumulative value from the small particle diameter side reaches 10% by number, 50% by number and 90% by number, respectively, the D50 is at least 10 nm and not more than 90 nm, and the particle size distribution index A, which is represented by D90/D10, is at least 2.00 and not more than 10.00, and the value of storage elastic modulus G at 40 C. in viscoelasticity measurements of the toner is at least 1.010.sup.7 Pa and not more than 1.010.sup.10 Pa.

A method of forming a high energy density composite cathode material is disclosed. The method includes providing a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO), coating the LRMO with a TiO.sub.2 precursor, and ball-milling the TiO.sub.2 coated LRMO with LiH to form a Li.sub.xTiO.sub.2 coated LRMO composite, wherein x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero.

According to one embodiment, an active material including a composite oxide is provided. The composite oxide has a monoclinic crystal structure and is represented by the general formula Li.sub.wM1.sub.2xTi.sub.8yM2.sub.zO.sub.17+, wherein: M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cs, K, and Na; M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Fe, Co, Mn, and Al; 0w10; 0<x<2; 0<y<8; 0<z<8; and 0.50.5.

A method of preparing a negative electrode active material of the present invention includes mixing a lithium precursor and a titanium precursor, and sintering the precursor mixture to prepare a lithium titanium-based active material including a lithium titanium oxide, wherein a residual amount of lithium in the lithium titanium-based active material is 2,000 ppm or less based on a total amount of the lithium titanium-based active material. The preparation method allows the residual amount of lithium to be 2,000 ppm or less in a range, in which rate capability is not significantly reduced, by appropriately controlling sintering temperature, wherein the method may provide a lithium secondary battery, in which an amount of gas generated is extremely small even if stored at high temperature, a thickness expansion rate is consequently considerably low, and, simultaneously, the rate capability is also excellent.