Provided is a friction modifier giving excellent formability in producing a friction material and capable of reducing rust formation on a rotor even when the moisture-absorbed friction material is left pressed against the rotor for a long. The friction modifier is made of a titanate compound having a layered crystal structure, wherein the titanate compound has a rate of chlorine ion dissolution of 0.5 ppm to 400 ppm.

A negative electrode active material for a secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The negative electrode active material for a secondary battery, includes lithium titanium-based composite particles comprising: a lithium titanium oxide represented by Li.sub.xTi.sub.yO.sub.z, wherein x, y and z satisfy 0.1≤x≤4, 1≤y≤5 and 2≤z≤12, Zr doped into the lithium titanium oxide; and an aluminum and sulfur containing compound coated on a surface of the lithium titanium oxide. The aluminum and sulfur containing compound is present in an amount of 0.4 mM to 0.9 mM based on 1M lithium titanium oxide.

The embodiments relate to titanate crystal particle dispersions, methods of making the dispersions, and compositions and uses thereof. The dispersions and compositions containing the dispersions provide a high coverage to the skin and high near infrared/infrared (NIR/IR) reflectance. The dispersions include optionally surface treated titanate crystals used as cosmetic powders, and a cosmetically acceptable dispersing medium. The dispersions may be useful in cosmetic compositions as a foundation and/or as a composition to correct skin discoloration, and may be used protect the skin from sun exposure.

The embodiments relate to cosmetic powder materials and compositions containing them that provide a high coverage to the skin and high near infrared/nitrated (NIR/IR) reflectance. The compositions include optionally surface treated titanate crystals used as cosmetic powders, and a cosmetically acceptable carrier. The compositions may be useful as a foundation and/or as a composition to correct skin discoloration, and may be used protect the skin from sun exposure.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structure of a titanium compound selected from the group consisting of sheets, wires and tubes. The present invention also relates to intermediate products and structures comprising titanium dioxide obtainable by the method. The invention provides an improved method giving improved yield as well as other advantages.

A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material includes: a porous film including a metal oxide, where a porosity of the porous film is about 50 volume percent to about 95 volume percent, based on a total volume of the porous film, and an amount of an organic component in the porous film is 0 to about 2 weight percent, based on a total weight of the porous film.

The present disclosure relates to methodologies, systems and apparatus for generating lithium ion battery materials. Starting materials are combined to form a homogeneous precursor solution including lithium, and a droplet maker is used to generate droplets of the precursor solution having controlled size. These droplets are introduced into a microwave generated plasma, where micron or sub-micron scale lithium-containing particles are formed. These lithium-containing particles are collected and formed into a slurry to form lithium ion battery materials.

There is provided a solution containing lithium and at least one of a niobium complex and a titanium complex, excellent in storage stability, and suitable for forming a coating layer capable of improving battery characteristics of an active material, and a related technique, which is the solution containing lithium, at least one of a niobium complex and a titanium complex, and ammonia, wherein an amount of the ammonia in the solution is 0.2 mass % or less.

A precursor solution of a negative electrode active material according to the present disclosure contains at least one kind of organic solvent, a lithium compound that exhibits solubility in the organic solvent, and a titanium compound that exhibits solubility in the organic solvent. The lithium compound is preferably a lithium metal salt compound. The titanium compound is preferably a titanium alkoxide.

The invention provides a method for preparing lithium-containing particles suitable for use in an electrode of a battery, the method including forming a mixture comprising titanium dioxide precursor particles and an aqueous solution of a lithium compound; and heating the mixture at elevated temperature in a sealed pressure vessel in order to form lithium-inserted titanium dioxide particles, wherein at least one particle size characteristic selected from average primary particle size, particle size distribution, average intra-particle pore size, average inter-particle pore size, pore size distribution, and particle shape of the titanium dioxide particles is substantially unchanged by said heating step. The invention further includes a battery including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator including an electrolyte between the first and second electrodes, wherein one of the first and second electrodes comprises lithium-inserted titanium dioxide particles or lithium titanate spinel particles made according to the invention.