Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to imprint compositions and materials and related processes useful for nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In one or more embodiments, a method for preparing an imprinted surface is provided and includes disposing an imprint composition on a substrate, contacting the imprint composition with a stamp having a pattern, converting the imprint composition to an imprint material having the pattern, and removing the stamp from the imprint material. The imprint composition may contain one or more types of nanoparticles, one or more surface ligands, one or more solvents, one or more additives, and one or more acrylates.

A titanium oxide compound according to the present invention comprises bronze-type titanium oxide or titanium oxide mainly composed of bronze-type titanium oxide, and contains calcium and/or silicon. The titanium oxide compound contains 0.005 to 2.5 mass % inclusive of calcium or 0.15 to 0.55 mass % inclusive of silicon, or contains 0.005 to 1.2 mass % inclusive of calcium and 0.15 to 0.2 mass % inclusive of silicon, or contains 0.005 to 0.1 mass % inclusive of calcium and 0.15 to 0.5 mass % inclusive of silicon.

A powder containing: a first particle having a first crystal composition; and a second particle having a second crystal composition different from the first crystal composition, wherein each of the first crystal composition and the second crystal composition contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti.sub.2O.sub.3, -Ti.sub.3O.sub.5 and Ti.sub.4O.sub.7.

A titanium oxide compound according to the present invention comprises bronze-type titanium oxide or titanium oxide mainly composed of bronze-type titanium oxide, and contains calcium and/or silicon. The titanium oxide compound contains 0.005 to 2.5 mass % inclusive of calcium or 0.15 to 0.55 mass % inclusive of silicon, or contains 0.005 to 1.2 mass % inclusive of calcium and 0.15 to 0.2 mass % inclusive of silicon, or contains 0.005 to 0.1 mass % inclusive of calcium and 0.15 to 0.5 mass % inclusive of silicon.

The present invention addresses the problem of suppressing any lowering of durability in a carrier of a catalyst layer. This electroconductive titanium oxide has an electroconductivity of 0.1 S/cm or greater as measured under a pressure of 10 MPa.

Provided are novel titanium oxide particles, production method thereof, and applications which do not need a conductive aid or minimize the conductive aid. Novel titanium oxide particles 1 employ a three-dimensional network structure in which multiple crystallites 2 are coupled in sequence, and a magneli phase 2a is formed on the surface of the crystallites 2. The crystallites 2 are oriented at random, coupled with each other via pinacoid or end surface, and laminated as the three-dimensional network structure. A large number of spaces 3 in nano size is present in the titanium oxide particles 1, a grain boundary of the bonding interface is eliminated between the crystallites 2, while a large number of pores is present.

Provided are a macroporous titanium compound monolith and a production method thereof, the macroporous titanium compound monolith having a framework that is composed of a titanium compound other than titanium dioxide, having controlled macropores, and having electron conductivity, the titanium compound being oxygen-deficient titanium oxide, titanium oxynitride, or titanium nitride. Provided is a method including: placing a macroporous titanium dioxide monolith and a metal having titanium-reducing ability in a container, the macroporous titanium dioxide monolith having a co-continuous structure of a macropore and a framework that is composed of titanium dioxide; creating a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere within the container; and heating the monolith and the metal to cause gas-phase reduction that removes oxygen atom from the titanium dioxide composing the monolith by the metal acting as an oxygen getter, thereby obtaining a macroporous oxygen-deficient titanium oxide monolith having a co-continuous structure of the macropore and a framework that is composed of oxygen-deficient titanium oxide, the macroporous oxygen-deficient titanium oxide monolith having electron conductivity derived from the oxygen-deficient titanium oxide.

This powder satisfies requirements 1 and 2. Requirement 1: |dA(T)/dT| satisfies 10 ppm/ C. or more at at least one temperature T1 in a range of 200 C. to 1200 C. A is (a-axis (shorter axis) lattice constant) of a crystal in the powder)/(c-axis (longer axis) lattice constant of the crystal in the powder), and each of the lattice constants is obtained by X-ray diffractometry of the powder. Requirement 2: a particle diameter D50 at a cumulative frequency of 50%, a particle diameter D10 at a cumulative frequency of 10%, and a particle diameter D90 at a cumulative frequency of 90% in a volume-based cumulative particle diameter distribution curve obtained by a laser diffraction scattering method satisfy conditions (I) and (II): (I) D10/D50 is 0.05 or more and 0.45 or less; and (II) D90 is 0.5 m or more and 70 m or less.

An isolated peptide is disclosed. The peptide comprises a titanium oxide binding amino acid sequence connected to a heterologous biologically active amino acid sequence via a beta sheet breaker linker, wherein: (i) the titanium oxide binding amino acid sequence is selected to bind coordinatively with titanium oxide; (ii) the titanium oxide binding amino acid sequence is selected to induce a beta sheet structure; and (ii) the titanium oxide binding amino acid sequence binds to titanium oxide with a higher affinity than said biologically active amino acid sequence binds to the titanium oxide under physiological conditions.

Use of the peptides and titanium devices comprising same are also disclosed.

Molten grains include titanium suboxides of the formulation Ti.sub.nO.sub.2n-1, in which the phases are principally Ti.sub.5O.sub.9 or Ti.sub.6O.sub.11 or a mixture of these two phases, the phases Ti.sub.5O.sub.9 and/or Ti.sub.6O.sub.11 representing, in total, more than 60% of the weight of the grains, the grains further including less than 30% by weight of Ti.sub.4O.sub.7.