In an aspect, a ferrite composition comprises a BiRuCo-M-type ferrite having the formula Me.sub.1-xBi.sub.xCo.sub.yRu.sub.zFe.sub.12-tO.sub.19, wherein Me is at least one of Sr, Pb, or Ba; x is 0.01 to 0.5; y is 0.1 to 2; z is 0 to 4, and t is 0 to 4; wherein the Co can be at least partially replaced by at least one of Zn, Cu, or Mg by an amount of less than y, and the Ru can be at least partially replaced by at least one of Ti, Sn, or Zr, where the substitution amount is not more than z or is less than z.

Radiofrequency and other electronic devices can be formed from textured hexaferrite materials, such as Z-phase barium cobalt ferrite Ba.sub.3Co.sub.2Fe.sub.24O.sub.41 (Co.sub.2Z) having enhanced resonant frequency. The textured hexaferrite material can be formed by sintering fine grain hexaferrite powder at a lower temperature than conventional firing temperatures to inhibit reduction of iron. The textured hexaferrite material can be used in radiofrequency devices such as circulators or telecommunications systems.

The powder of the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite is an aggregate of particles of a compound represented by Formula (1), and, in a particle size distribution based on number measured by a laser diffraction scattering method, in a case where a mode value is defined as a mode diameter, a diameter at a cumulative percentage of 10% is defined as D10 and a diameter at a cumulative percentage of 90% is defined as D90, the mode diameter is equal to or greater than 5 μm and less than 10 μm and an expression of (D90−D10)/mode diameter≤3.0 is satisfied. In Formula (1), A represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, and Pb, and x satisfies 1.5≤x≤8.0.

AFe.sub.(12-x)Al.sub.xO.sub.19  Formula(1)

A solid electrolyte assembly is obtained by joining a solid electrolyte layer having oxide ion conductivity and containing lanthanum and a first electrode layer made of an oxide that is represented by ABO.sub.3−δ and has a cubic perovskite structure to each other, where A represents an alkaline-earth metal element, B represents a transition metal element, and δ represents a fraction that occurs depending on the valences and amounts of A, B, and O. The oxide contains lanthanum at a part of the A site, and an atom ratio of lanthanum to all the elements occupying the A site is 0.01 or greater and 0.80 or less.

Preparation, characterization, and an electrochemical study of Mg.sub.0.1V.sub.2O.sub.5 prepared by a novel sol-gel method with no high-temperature post-processing are disclosed. Cyclic voltammetry showed the material to be quasi-reversible, with improved kinetics in an acetonitrile-, relative to a carbonate-, based electrolyte. Galvanostatic test data under a C/10 discharge showed a delivered capacity >250 mAh/g over several cycles. Based on these results, a magnesium anode battery, as disclosed, would yield an average operating voltage 3.2 Volts with an energy density 800 mWh/g for the cathode material, making the newly synthesized material a viable cathode material for secondary magnesium batteries.

Embodiments of synthetic garnet materials having advantageous properties, especially for below resonance frequency applications, are disclosed herein. In particular, embodiments of the synthetic garnet materials can have high Curie temperatures and dielectric constants while maintaining low magnetization. These materials can be incorporated into isolators and circulators, such as for use in telecommunication base stations.

A carrier core material is represented by a composition formula M.sub.XFe.sub.3-XO.sub.4 (where M is at least one type of metal element selected from Mg, Mn, Ca, Ti, Cu, Zn and Ni, 0<X<1), in which part of M and/or Fe is substituted with Sr and formed of ferrite particles, and in the carrier core material, a Sr content is equal to or more than 2500 ppm but equal to or less than 12000 ppm, the amount of Sr eluted with pure water at a temperature of 25 C. is equal to or less than 50 ppm, an apparent density is equal to or more than 1.85 g/cm.sup.3 but equal to or less than 2.25 g/cm.sup.3 and magnetization .sub.1k when a magnetic field of 79.5810.sup.3 A/m (1000 oersteds) is applied is equal to or more than 63 Am.sup.2/kg but equal to or less than 75 Am.sup.2/kg.

An oxide ion conductor has a X.sub.3Z.sub.2(TO.sub.4).sub.3 structure, where X is a divalent metal element, Z is a trivalent metal element, and T is a tetravalent metal element, and has a composition expressed by (X.sub.1-xA.sub.x).sub.3(Z.sub.1-yB.sub.y).sub.2(T.sub.1-zC.sub.z).sub.3O.sub.12+ where the element X is Ca, Fe, Gd, Ba, Sr, Mn, and/or Mg, the element Z is Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Ga, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, and/or Ir, the element T is Si and/or Ge, an element A is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and/or Sr, an element B is Zn, Mn, Co, Ru, and/or Rh, and an element C is Si, Al, Ga, and/or Sn, 0x0.2, 0y0.2, and 0z0.2 are satisfied, and is a value securing electrical neutrality.

There is provided a magnetic material that has an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance in a wide frequency range even under low temperature and high temperature environments and that ensures the absorption performance, and provided a magnetic material as a mixture of a magnetic material having positive slope of change in coercive force dependent on temperature, and a magnetic material having negative slope of change in coercive force dependent on temperature.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for converting CO.sub.2 to synthetic fuel such as CO using metal oxides and a conversion method using the same. The CO.sub.2 conversion catalyst according to the present invention can treat a large amount of CO.sub.2 per unit mole and is oxidized. In the reduction cycle, the catalyst has relatively high structural stability and excellent long-term stability as a catalyst, and it has excellent activity as a CO.sub.2 decomposition catalyst that can be used in a continuous flow reactor, such as for CO.sub.2 decomposition at a relatively low temperature.