The present invention is directed to a method for generating oxygen comprising providing at least one oxygen source, providing at least one ionic liquid, providing at least one metal oxide compound, wherein the oxygen source is a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in the temperature range from 10 C. to +50 C., and the metal oxide compound is an oxide of one single metal or of two or more different metals, said metal(s) being selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements, and contacting the oxygen source, the ionic liquid, and the metal oxide compound.

A positive electrode active material for a sodium-ion secondary battery contains a compound of formula Na.sub.xMn.sub.1yzM.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.2 or its hydrate. A cathode can contain the active material and rechargeable sodium-ion battery can contain such a cathode.

A positive active material including: a core comprising a metal oxide, a non-metal oxide, or a combination thereof capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions or sodium ions; and a non-conductive carbonaceous film including oxygen on at least one portion of a surface of the core; a lithium battery including the positive active material; and a method of manufacturing the positive active material.

A carrier core material is represented by a composition formula M.sub.xFe.sub.3-xO.sub.4 (where M is Mn and/or Mg, and X is a total of Mn and Mg and is a substitution number of Fe by Mn and Mg, 0<X1), in which 5 to 20 number percent of bound particles in which 2 to 5 spherical particles are bound together are contained, and in which the absolute value of a difference between lattice constants before and after milling which are calculated from a peak position of plane indices in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern is equal to or less than 0.005. In this way, it is possible to increase the amount of toner supplied to a development region, and even when cracking or chipping occurs in the carrier core material, an image failure such as black spots or white spots is prevented from being generated.

The subject of the invention is a method for the production of pigment from filtration sludges containing manganese and iron and phosphates, characterised in that the filter sludge is sieved on a vibrating sieve, then the suspension is concentrated and dried to a water content below 8% w/w, after which the material is subjected to thermal treatment at a temperature in the range of 500-1200? C. for a period of 6-12 hours, and the obtained sinter is fragmented and optionally dried to a moisture level of 5%. The invention also relates to using the pigment produced by the foregoing method colouring construction ceramic products or as a colouring additive to the mass from which construction products are formed or as a colouring additive for concrete.

Provided are a ferrite powder that suppresses decreases in saturation magnetization and decreases in filler filling ratio and also suppresses inhibition of resin curing, and a method for producing the same. A ferrite powder composed of spherical ferrite particles, wherein the ferrite powder contains iron (Fe) 54.0-70.0 mass % and manganese (Mn) 3.5-18.5 mass %, has an average volume particle size of 2.0-20.0 m, and has a carbon content of 0.100 mass % or lower.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a ferrite magnetic substance, including: a first mixing operation of providing a first mixture composed of 47 to 49 wt % of Fe, 16 to 18 wt % of Mn, 5.2 to 7.2 wt % of Zn, and a remainder of oxygen and other inevitable impurities, a second mixing operation of providing a second mixture composed of the first mixture and an additive including, based on 100 parts by weight of the first mixture, 28 to 51 ppm of Si, 140 to 210 ppm of Nb and 155 to 185 ppm of Zr, and a finish operation of producing a ferrite magnetic substance by sintering the second mixture.

A method for preparing a hollow hydroxyl iron-manganese composite by employing a cubic structure template comprises: (1) preparation of a template: adding a certain mass of potassium permanganate to diluted hydrochloric acid, and dissolving and mixing evenly the same by magnetic stirring at room temperature; then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone thereto, and continuing to dissolve the same thoroughly by magnetic stirring; and finally adding a certain mass of potassium ferrocyanide and de-solubilizing the same for 10-60 minutes at room temperature, then transferring the above mixed solution into a sample bottle, and performing an isothermal reaction at 50-90 C. for 18-24 hours to obtain a blue-black deposit, namely a target iron-manganese composite template; and (2) preparation of a hollow iron-manganese composite: evenly dispersing the blue-black iron-manganese composite template obtained in the step (1) to a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, then adding a certain concentration of sodium hydroxide solution thereto, placing the same on a rotary shaker to react at room temperature for 6-12 hours, and then removing a supernatant liquid, so that a black substance remaining at a bottom of a centrifuge tube is a hollow hydroxyl iron-manganese composite having a cubic structure. Also provided are a hollow hydroxyl iron-manganese composite prepared by the above method, and an application thereof to adsorption and removal of heavy metal in water.

The present invention relates to a kit for water treatment, comprising: a photocatalyst including at least one of SnFe.sub.2O.sub.4, ZnFe.sub.2O.sub.4, CuFe.sub.2O.sub.4, Fe.sub.3O.sub.4, MnFe.sub.2O.sub.4 and NiFe.sub.2O.sub.4; and an active oxide. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a photocatalyst and a use of the prepared photocatalyst.

A production method for a magnetic material, which is expressed by a chemical structure formula Fe(Al.sub.1xMn.sub.x).sub.2O.sub.4, where 0<x<1, and exhibits ferromagnetism, includes: preparing a mixed aqueous solution by dissolving, in distilled water, Fe nitrate, Al nitrate, and an oxide including Mn, the Fe nitrate, the Al nitrate, and the oxide being parent materials; preparing a metal-citric acid complex by mixing citric acid and ethylene glycol with the mixed aqueous solution; obtaining a precursor by boiling the metal-citric acid complex to a gel and drying the gel; and obtaining the magnetic material by sintering the precursor.