The present disclosure is directed to methods of Quantum Spin Engineering of spinel superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles (SMFNs) for MRI contrast agents and for magnetohyperthermia agents. Using the methods herein, the magnetic properties of the SMFNs can be controlled by changing the amount of 3d-transition element cations having unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital that occupy the octahedral sites of the spinel crystal form, to form mixed spinels, while anions in the spinels can be utilized to magnetically couple the cations utilizing intra-crystalline angles determined by ion sizes and crystal structure, and further tuning of other critical parameters is provided. The mixed spinels disclosed herein provide enhanced MRI contrast agents and improved magnetohyperthermia agents with lower toxicity and safety concerns, while the production methods disclosed herein have lower cost.

The present disclosure provides for compositions of magnetic nanoparticles and methods of making magnetic nano-particles with large magnetic diameters.

The present disclosure relates to methodologies, systems and apparatus for generating lithium ion battery materials. Starting materials are combined to form a homogeneous precursor solution including lithium, and a droplet maker is used to generate droplets of the precursor solution having controlled size. These droplets are introduced into a microwave generated plasma, where micron or sub-micron scale lithium-containing particles are formed. These lithium-containing particles are collected and formed into a slurry to form lithium ion battery materials.

Modified copper chromite spinel pigments exhibit lower coefficients of thermal expansion than unmodified structures. Three methods exist to modify the pigments: (1) the incorporation of secondary modifiers into the pigment core composition, (2) control of the pigment firing profile, including both the temperature and the soak time, and (3) control of the pigment core composition.

The MnZn ferrite material includes principal components and auxiliary components, where the principal components include: 52.5 mol % to 53.8 mol % of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 8.8 mol % to 12 mol % of ZnO, and the balance of MnO; the auxiliary components include: 0.35 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Co.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.03 wt % to 0.08 wt % of CaSiO.sub.3, 0.01 wt % to 0.04 wt % of Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, and 0.05 wt % to 0.12 wt % of TiO.sub.2 and RE elemental components; the RE elemental components include one or more from the group consisting of 0 wt % to 0.04 wt % of Gd.sub.2O.sub.3, 0 wt % to 0.02 wt % of HO.sub.2O.sub.3, and 0 wt % to 0.03 wt % of Ce.sub.2O.sub.3; the auxiliary components are all represented by a mass percentage relative to a total mass of the Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, the MnO, and the ZnO.

Provided are a ferrite material, a composite magnetic body, a coil component, and a power supply device, having high magnetic permeability. Ferrite is ferromagnetic and is expressed by a chemical formula Mn.sub.xSi.sub.yFe.sub.zO.sub.4-δ, where 0<x<1, y>0, z>0, x+y+z=3, and δ≤0.5.

A sintered MnZn ferrite comprising as main components 53.5 to 54.3% by mol of Fe calculated as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 4.2 to 7.2% by mol of Zn calculated as ZnO, the balance being Mn calculated as MnO, and comprising as sub-components 0.003 to 0.018 parts by mass of Si calculated as SiO.sub.2, 0.03 to 0.21 parts by mass of Ca calculated as CaCO.sub.3, 0.40 to 0.50 parts by mass of Co calculated as Co.sub.3O.sub.4, 0 to 0.09 parts by mass of Zr calculated as ZrO.sub.2, and 0 to 0.015 parts by mass of Nb calculated as Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, per 100 parts by mass in total of the main components (calculated as the oxides), C.sub.(zn)/C.sub.(co) being 9.3 to 16.0 wherein C.sub.(zn) is the content of Zn contained as a main component (% by mol calculated as ZnO in the main components), and C.sub.(co) is the content of Co contained as a sub-component (parts by mass calculated as Co.sub.3O.sub.4 per 100 parts by mass in total of the main components).

A method for supplying hydrogen-operated internal combustion engines with oxygen, wherein an inert gas is cycled. An economical local supply of pure oxygen for a closed-cycle hydrogen engine with argon cycling is realized by separating the oxygen from the atmosphere without relying on the useful work of the engine. OSM ceramics and exhaust gas heat and low oxygen partial pressure of the exhaust gas are used to generate oxygen. Two reactors filled with OSM ceramics are used, these reactors being alternately purged with exhaust gas and regenerated with air. Losses of inert gases and the entry of atmospheric nitrogen are avoided by intermediate purging with steam. The steam is generated by the heat of the exhaust gas or exhaust air. A mixture of water vapor, inert gas and oxygen is formed during purging. Subsequently, the oxygen content in the gas phase is markedly increased since water vapor is condensed out.

The present invention provides: a ferrite particle containing a crystal phase component containing a perovskite crystal represented by the compositional formula RZrO.sub.3 (where R is an alkaline earth metal element); and an electrophotographic developer carrier core material, an electrophotographic developer carrier, and an electrophotographic developer containing the ferrite particles.

Magnetic beads comprise a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles, dispersed in a non-magnetic matrix. The magnetic beads have an average particle size of 0.1 μm to 100 μm. The matrix may comprise an inorganic metal oxide or a polymer. The magnetic beads have a specific surface area of at least 40 m.sup.2/g.