Various lithium cobalt oxides materials having a chemical formula of Li.sub.x Co.sub.y O.sub.z, and method and apparatus of producing the various lithium cobalt oxides materials are provided. The method includes adjusting a molar ratio M.sub.LiSalt:M.sub.CoSalt of a lithium-containing salt, and a cobalt-containing salt within a liquid mixture to be equivalent to a ratio of x:y, drying a mist of the liquid mixture in the presence of a gas to form a gas-solid mixture, separating the gas-solid mixture into one or more solid particles of an oxide material, and annealing the solid particles of the oxide material in the presence of another gas flow to obtain crystalized particles of the lithium cobalt oxide material. The process system has a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separator, and one or more reactors.

Various lithium cobalt oxides materials doped with one or more metal dopants having a chemical formula of Li.sub.x Co.sub.y O.sub.z (doped Me1.sub.a Me2.sub.b Me3.sub.c . . . MeN.sub.n), and method and apparatus of producing the various lithium cobalt oxides materials are provided. The method includes adjusting a molar ratio M.sub.LiSalt:M.sub.CoSalt:M.sub.Me1Salt:M.sub.Me2Salt:M.sub.Me3Salt: . . . M.sub.MeNSalt of a lithium-containing salt, a cobalt-containing salt and one or more metal-dopant-containing salts within a liquid mixture to be equivalent to a ratio of x:y:a:b:c: . . . n, drying a mist of the liquid mixture in the presence of a gas to form a gas-solid mixture, separating the gas-solid mixture into one or more solid particles of an oxide material, and annealing the solid particles of the oxide material in the presence of another gas flow to obtain crystalized particles of the lithium cobalt oxide material. The process system has a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separator, and one or more reactors.

The invention provides primary batteries that incorporate a desodiated sodium transition metal oxide into the positive electrode (a cathode). Batteries of the invention using a desodiated sodium transition metal oxide in the cathode exhibit discharge voltages, battery capacities, and energy densities higher than a traditional Zn—MnO.sub.2 dry cell battery, such as a commercially available AA battery. These batteries are also advantageous over comparable lithium ion batteries due to the high abundance and low cost of sodium precursor materials with similar electrical performance.

This application provides a lithium-ion battery and an apparatus. The lithium-ion battery includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator. A positive active material of the positive electrode plate includes Li.sub.x1Co.sub.y1M.sub.1-y1O.sub.2-z1Q.sub.z1, where 0.5≤x1≤1.2, 0.8≤y1≤1.0, 0≤z1≤0.1, M is selected from one or more of Al, Ti, Zr, Y, and Mg, and Q is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and S. The electrolyte contains an additive A that is a polynitrile six-membered nitrogen-heterocyclic compound with a relatively low oxidation potential. The lithium-ion battery has superb cycle performance and storage performance, especially under high-temperature and high-voltage conditions.

An energy device has an electrode including lithium cobaltite (LCO) grains, where the LCO grains are sintered to one another forming a self-supporting sheet with porous passages. The porous passages wind and branch through the sheet. The energy device further includes a solid electrolyte comprising lithium phosphosulfide (LPS) overlaying a major surface of the sheet and extending into the porous passages. The sheet serves as mechanical support for the solid electrolyte, allowing for high temperature joining of the LPS to the LCO without binder in the LPS.

Disclosed is a lithium complex oxide sintered plate including a plurality of primary grains having a layered rock-salt structure, the primary grains being bonded. The lithium complex oxide has a composition represented by the formula: Li.sub.x(Co.sub.1-yM.sub.y)O.sub.2±δ (wherein, 1.0≤x≤1.1, 0<y≤0.1, 0≤δ<1, and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ni, Al, and Mn), and the primary grains have a mean tilt angle of more than 0° to 30° or less, the mean tilt angle being a mean value of the angles defined by the (003) planes of the primary grains and the plate face of the lithium complex oxide sintered plate.

A lithium cobalt-based positive electrode active material is provide, which includes sodium and calcium, wherein the total amount of the sodium and calcium is 150 ppm to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the lithium cobalt-based positive electrode active material. A method for preparing the lithium cobalt-based positive electrode active material is also provided.

Provided are a sacrificial positive electrode material with a reduced gas generation amount and a method of preparing the same. The sacrificial positive electrode material includes a lithium cobalt zinc oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 (Li.sub.xCo.sub.(1-y)Zn.sub.yO.sub.4) and the sacrificial positive electrode material has a powder electrical conductivity of 1×10.sup.−4 S/cm to 1×10.sup.−2 S/cm. The sacrificial positive electrode material can reduce the generation of gas, particularly, oxygen (O.sub.2) gas, during charging and discharging of a battery after activation and achieve a high charge/discharge capacity by including a lithium cobalt metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 (Li.sub.xCo.sub.(1-y)Zn.sub.yO.sub.4), which is doped with a specific fraction of zinc, and by having a powder electrical conductivity adjusted within a specific range, and thus the stability and lifespan of a battery including the same are effectively enhanced.

Provided is a method for producing a lithium transition metal oxide, comprising, A) mixing a lithium salt and a precursor, adding the mixture into a reactor for precalcination; the lithium salt has a particle size D50 of 10-20 μm and the precursor has a particle size D50 of 1-20 μm, and the precursor is one or more selected from transition metal oxyhydroxide, transition metal hydroxide and transition metal carbonate; and B) adding the product obtained from the precalcination into a fluidized bed reactor, subjecting to a first calcination and a second calcination to obtain the lithium transition metal oxide. Raw materials for the lithium transition metal oxide further includes a main-group metal compound containing oxygen, which is added in the precalcination, the first calcination or the second calcination; and the main-group metal compound containing oxygen has an average particle size of 10-100 nm. A fluidized bed reactor is also provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a positive electrode active material with high charge and discharge capacity is provided. Alternatively, a positive electrode active material with high charge and discharge voltage is provided. Alternatively, a positive electrode active material with little deterioration is provided. To improve the reliability of the positive electrode active material, the surface of the positive electrode active material is prevented from reacting with an electrolyte solution and being reduced. The provision of a projection on part of the positive electrode active material surface decreases the reduction of the positive electrode active material surface from reacting with the electrolyte solution, thereby improving the cycle performance.