In an aspect, a ferrite composition can comprise a SbCoM-type ferrite having the formula: Me.sub.1-xSb.sub.xCo.sub.y+xM.sub.yFe.sub.12-x-2yO.sub.19, wherein Me is at least one of Sr, Pb, or Ba; M is at least one of Ti, Zr, Ru, or Ir; x is 0.001 to 0.3; and y is 0.8 to 1.3. In another aspect, a method of making the ferrite composition comprises mixing ferrite precursor compounds comprising Me, Fe, Sb, Co, and M; and sintering the ferrite precursor compounds in an oxygen atmosphere to form the SbCoM-type ferrite. In yet another aspect, a composite comprises the ferrite composition and a polymer. In still another aspect, an article comprises the ferrite composition.

A method for forming a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. In the method for forming a positive electrode active material, a first container that includes a mixture of lithium oxide, fluoride, and a magnesium compound and fluoride that is outside the first container are provided in a heating furnace, and the heating furnace is heated at a temperature higher than or equal to a temperature at which the fluoride is volatilized or sublimated. It is further preferable that the fluoride be lithium fluoride and the magnesium compound be magnesium fluoride.

A method for forming a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. In the method for forming a positive electrode active material, a first container that includes a mixture of lithium oxide, fluoride, and a magnesium compound and fluoride that is outside the first container are provided in a heating furnace, and the heating furnace is heated at a temperature higher than or equal to a temperature at which the fluoride is volatilized or sublimated. It is further preferable that the fluoride be lithium fluoride and the magnesium compound be magnesium fluoride.

A solid ionic conducting material for use in an electrochemical device comprises an oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide derived from of an oxide with a perovskite, Brownmillerite, layered oxide, and/or K.sub.4CdCl.sub.6 structure, the elemental composition of the initial oxide being selected to provide suitable conduction properties for the derived anhydrous or hydrated oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide. A method of making such a solid ionic conducting material, including treatment with water, and an electrochemical device incorporating such a solid ionic conducting material (optionally as an electrolyte) are also disclosed.

A solid ionic conducting material for use in an electrochemical device comprises an oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide derived from of an oxide with a perovskite, Brownmillerite, layered oxide, and/or K.sub.4CdCl.sub.6 structure, the elemental composition of the initial oxide being selected to provide suitable conduction properties for the derived anhydrous or hydrated oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide. A method of making such a solid ionic conducting material, including treatment with water, and an electrochemical device incorporating such a solid ionic conducting material (optionally as an electrolyte) are also disclosed.

A perovskite compound having a cubic perovskite structure, high catalytic activity in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, and excellent durability is provided. The perovskite compound is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
(A.sub.aA.sub.1-a).sub.(B.sub.bB.sub.1-b).sub.O.sub.3-(Chemical Formula 1) in Chemical Formula 1 A is Ba, A is one or more selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid elements, Ag, Ca, and Sr, B is Co. B is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, V, Sc, Y, Mo, W, Zr, Hf, and Ce, a is a real number greater than 0.9 and 1 or less, b is a real number greater than 0.5 and less than 0.9. and real numbers of 0.9 to 1.1. The perovskite compound can be used as a catalyst of electrochemical devices, particularly as a fuel cell catalyst.

A perovskite compound having a cubic perovskite structure, high catalytic activity in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, and excellent durability is provided. The perovskite compound is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
(A.sub.aA.sub.1-a).sub.(B.sub.bB.sub.1-b).sub.O.sub.3-(Chemical Formula 1) in Chemical Formula 1 A is Ba, A is one or more selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid elements, Ag, Ca, and Sr, B is Co. B is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, V, Sc, Y, Mo, W, Zr, Hf, and Ce, a is a real number greater than 0.9 and 1 or less, b is a real number greater than 0.5 and less than 0.9. and real numbers of 0.9 to 1.1. The perovskite compound can be used as a catalyst of electrochemical devices, particularly as a fuel cell catalyst.

A method for forming a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. In the method for forming a positive electrode active material, a first container that includes a mixture of lithium oxide, fluoride, and a magnesium compound and fluoride that is outside the first container are provided in a heating furnace, and the heating furnace is heated at a temperature higher than or equal to a temperature at which the fluoride is volatilized or sublimated. It is further preferable that the fluoride be lithium fluoride and the magnesium compound be magnesium fluoride.

A method for forming a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. In the method for forming a positive electrode active material, a first container that includes a mixture of lithium oxide, fluoride, and a magnesium compound and fluoride that is outside the first container are provided in a heating furnace, and the heating furnace is heated at a temperature higher than or equal to a temperature at which the fluoride is volatilized or sublimated. It is further preferable that the fluoride be lithium fluoride and the magnesium compound be magnesium fluoride.