Provided is a high entropy composite oxide of formula ([M.sub.1].sub.pMn.sub.qFe.sub.xCr.sub.yNi.sub.z).sub.3O.sub.4 having a spinel crystal, wherein the [M.sub.1], p, q, x, y and z are as defined in the specification. A method for producing the high entropy composite oxide, and anode materials including the same are further provided. With the entropy stabilization effect and plenty of oxygen vacancies, the anode materials including the high entropy composite oxide show the advantage of high Li.sup.+ transport rate, high electric capacity, redox durability, and good cycling stability, thereby having a bright prospect for application.

An object is to provide a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material that achieves high powder properties and high load resistance (e.g., rate performance and output resistance) when used in a lithium-ion secondary battery, within a short manufacturing cycle time and at low cost. To perform heat treatment at temperatures lower than the melting point of magnesium fluorine, lithium fluoride is mixed to melt magnesium fluorine and modify the surface of lithium cobalt oxide powder. By mixing lithium fluoride, magnesium fluorine can be melted at a temperature lower than its melting point, and a positive electrode active material is formed utilizing this eutectic phenomenon.

A method for manufacturing a sputtering target with which an oxide semiconductor film with a small amount of defects can be formed is provided. Alternatively, an oxide semiconductor film with a small amount of defects is formed. A method for manufacturing a sputtering target is provided, which includes the steps of: forming a polycrystalline In-M-Zn oxide (M represents a metal chosen among aluminum, titanium, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cesium, neodymium, and hafnium) powder by mixing, sintering, and grinding indium oxide, an oxide of the metal, and zinc oxide; forming a mixture by mixing the polycrystalline In-M-Zn oxide powder and a zinc oxide powder; forming a compact by compacting the mixture; and sintering the compact.

A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery which has a large capacity and a good charge-and-discharge cycle performance is provided. The positive electrode active material includes lithium, cobalt, oxygen, and magnesium, and has a compound represented by a layered rock-salt crystal structure. A space group of the compound is represented by R-3m. The compound is a composite oxide in which magnesium is substituted for a lithium position and a cobalt position. The compound is a particle. The magnesium substituted for a lithium position and a cobalt position exists more in the region from the surface to 5 nm than in the region deeper than 10 nm from the surface. More magnesium is substituted for a lithium position than for a cobalt position.

The invention is related to a method of forming a lithium ion metal oxide and a battery comprising the lithium ion metal oxide. The method comprises reacting at least one metal in elemental form with carbox to form a metal carbox and heating the metal carbox to form said lithium ion metal oxide.

The invention relates to a lithium positive electrode active material for a high voltage secondary battery: the lithium positive electrode active material comprising at least 94 wt % spinel, where the spinel has a net chemical composition of Li.sub.xNi.sub.yMn.sub.2-yO.sub.4, wherein:

0.95≤x≤1.05;

0.43≤y≤0.47.

The lithium positive electrode active material is made up of particles characterized by one or more of the following parameter ranges: the particles have average aspect ratio below 1.6, the particles have a roughness below 1.35, particles have a circularity above 0.55. Then invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the lithium positive electrode active material as well as a secondary battery comprising the lithium positive electrode active material.

Modified copper chromite spinel pigments exhibit lower coefficients of thermal expansion than unmodified structures. Three methods exist to modify the pigments: (1) the incorporation of secondary modifiers into the pigment core composition, (2) control of the pigment firing profile, including both the temperature and the soak time, and (3) control of the pigment core composition.

A precursor solution of a negative electrode active material according to the present disclosure contains at least one kind of organic solvent, a lithium compound that exhibits solubility in the organic solvent, and a titanium compound that exhibits solubility in the organic solvent. The lithium compound is preferably a lithium metal salt compound. The titanium compound is preferably a titanium alkoxide.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to using cobalt (Co) to fine tune the magnetic properties, such as permeability and magnetic loss, of nickel-zinc ferrites to improve the material performance in electronic applications. The method comprises replacing nickel (Ni) with sufficient Co.sup.+2 such that the relaxation peak associated with the Co.sup.+2 substitution and the relaxation peak associated with the nickel to zinc (Ni/Zn) ratio are into near coincidence. When the relaxation peaks overlap, the material permeability can be substantially maximized and magnetic loss substantially minimized. The resulting materials are useful and provide superior performance particularly for devices operating at the 13.56 MHz ISM band.

A positive-electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided. The positive-electrode active material contains a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a spinel structure and containing nickel and manganese. The lithium transition metal composite oxide has a surface region containing niobium as a solid solution. A mole ratio of an amount of niobium to a total amount of nickel and manganese in the surface region decreases according to a distance from a surface in a depth direction in a region from the surface to a distance of 0.3 nm in the depth direction.