A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

A hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide is provided. The hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide has a structural formula of ABO.sub.xH.sub.y, wherein A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5. The present disclosure further provides a primary battery by using the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide as electrodes and a method for making the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide.

A solution phase synthesis process for preparing a rare earth perovskite, the process includes reacting an alkali metal material with a first surfactant ligand in the presence of a first solvent to obtain a first precursor complex solution; reacting a rare earth metal halide with a second surfactant ligand in the presence of a second solvent to obtain a second precursor complex solution; and reacting the first precursor complex solution with the second precursor complex solution in the presence of a third surfactant ligand and a third solvent to obtain the rare earth perovskite; wherein: the rare earth perovskite is in the form of nanocrystals; and the first solvent and third solvent comprise a non-coordinating solvent.

The subject matter of the present invention is providing nanostructured silver perovskite oxides, which upon contact with microbial cells prevent their proliferation without releasing significant amounts of silver ions to the environment. These nanostructured oxides may be used as antimicrobial agents on exposed surfaces.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a composite metal oxide hollow fibre. A certain stoichiometry of composite metal oxide raw material and a polymer binding agent are added to an organic solvent, and mixed mechanically to obtain an evenly dispersed spinning solution having a suitable viscosity. After defoaming treatment, the spinning solution is extruded through a spinneret and, after undergoing a certain dry spinning process, enters an external coagulation bath; during this period, a phase inversion process occurs and composite metal oxide hollow fibre blanks are formed. The blanks are immersed in the external coagulation bath and the organic solvent is displaced; after natural drying, the blanks undergo a heat treatment process; during this period, polymer burn off, in situ reaction, and in situ sintering processes occur to obtain the composite metal oxide hollow fibre.

A magnetic material is constituted of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic insulator in a double perovskite structure of Sr.sub.3-xA.sub.xOs.sub.1-yB.sub.yO.sub.6 (0.5≤x≤0.5, −0.5≤y≤0.5). A is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal atom, and B is a transition metal atom, alkali metal atom, or alkaline earth metal atom). The insulator may be Sr.sub.3OsO.sub.6, where x=y=0 in the above formula. Sr.sub.3OsO.sub.6 is formed to have a cubic crystal structure where strontium atoms, osmium atoms, and oxygen atoms are arranged at lattice points.

A catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, the catalyst having a body which has a plurality of pores and the body contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, 1.001≤x≤1.1, 0.05≤z≤0.2, y+z=1, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The average pore diameter of the plurality of pores is 49 nm to 260 nm and the pore volume of each of the plurality of pores is 0.08 cm.sup.3/g to 0.37 cm.sup.3/g.

The present invention provides: a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and an intermediate-band solar cell which have excellent two-step light absorption quantum yield; and a photoelectric conversion element and an intermediate-band solar cell having the light absorption layer. In addition, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a light absorption layer that includes an intermediate-band and that has few voids. This light absorption layer: is configured so that quantum dots are scattered in the matrix of a bulk semiconductor having band gap energy of 2.0 to 3.0 eV; includes an intermediate-band; and has a void rate of no more than 10%.

A ceramic member includes a perovskite compound including La, Ca, Mn, and Ti as main components, wherein the amount of Ti is about 5 parts by mole or more and about 20 parts by mole or less, the amount of Ca is about 10 parts by mole or more and about 27 parts by mole or less, and the total amount of La and Ca is about 85 parts by mole or more and about 97 parts by mole or less based on the total amount of Mn and Ti of 100 parts by mole.

Disclosed is a self-powered perovskite X-ray detector. The self-powered perovskite X-ray detector according to an embodiment of the present invention has a shape wherein a scintillator converting incident X-rays into visible light is combined with a perovskite photodetector, wherein the scintillator and the perovskite light absorption layer include a perovskite compound represented by Formula 1 below:

A.sub.aM.sub.bX.sub.c  [Formula 1] where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent metal cation or a trivalent metal cation, X is a monovalent anion, a+2b=c when M is a divalent metal cation, a+3b=4c when M is a trivalent metal cation, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.