A cerium-zirconium oxide-based ionic conductor (CZOIC) material including zirconium oxide in an amount ranging from 5 wt. % up to 95 wt. %, cerium oxide in an amount ranging from 95 wt. % to 5 wt. %, and at least one oxide or a rare earth metal in an amount ranging from 30 wt. % or less, based on the overall mass of the CZOIC material. The CZOIC material exhibits a structure comprising one or more expanded unit cells and a plurality of crystallites having ordered nano-domains. The structure of the CZOIC material exhibits a crystal lattice defined by a d-value measured at multiple (hkl) locations using a SAED technique that exhibit distortions, such that the d-values for the same (hkl) location varies from about 2% to about 5% from the d-value measured for a reference cerium-zirconium material at the same (hkl) location.

A positive electrode active material precursor for a secondary battery, which is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, includes a core portion including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), and a shell portion surrounding a surface of the core portion and including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al), wherein the core portion and the shell portion has rod-shaped primary particles, and an average major axis length of the primary particles of the shell portion is smaller than an average major axis length of the primary particles of the core portion. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor, and a positive electrode active material prepared by using the positive electrode active material precursor are also provided.

A ceramic powder material containing: a first garnet-type compound containing Li, La, and Zr; and a second garnet-type compound containing Li, La, and Zr and having a composition different from a composition of the first garnet-type compound, in which the first garnet-type compound and the second garnet-type compound are represented by Formula [1] Li.sub.7-(3x+y)M1.sub.xLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2-yM2.sub.yO.sub.12, where Ml is Al or Ga, M2 is Nb or Ta, the first garnet-type compound satisfies 0≤(3x+y)≤0.5, and the second garnet-type compound satisfies 0.5<(3x+y)≤1.5.

A lithium transition metal oxide electrode including an additional metal is provided herein as well electrochemical cells including the lithium transition metal oxide electrode and methods of making the lithium transition metal oxide electrode. The lithium transition metal oxide electrode includes a first electroactive material including Li.sub.1+aNi.sub.bMn.sub.cCo.sub.dM.sub.eO.sub.2, where 0.05≤a≤0.5; 0.1≤b≤0.5; 0.3≤c≤0.8; 0≤d≤0.3; 0.001 ≤e≤0.1; a+b+c+d+e=1, and M represents an additional metal, such as W, Mo, V, Zr, Nb, Ta, Fe, Al, or a combination thereof.

Provided are a composite oxide powder from which dense solid electrolyte objects having a high ion conductivity can be produced and a method for producing the composite oxide powder. The composite oxide powder is composed of particles comprising lithium (Li), lanthanum (La), zirconium (Zr), and oxygen (O) and having a cubic garnet-type crystal structure, and has a volume particle size distribution in which the 50% diameter (D50) is 1,000 nm or smaller, the composite oxide powder having a pyrochlore phase content of 10 mass % or less.

A method for making an iron-based oxide magnetic powder includes adding raw material solution containing trivalent iron ions, or trivalent iron ions and ions of a metal element that partially substitutes Fe sites, and an alkaline aqueous solution for neutralizing the raw material solution to a reaction system to adjust the pH of the reaction system to 1.0 or higher and 3.0 or lower. Hydroxycarboxylic acid is added to the obtained reaction solution and thereafter the pH of the reaction system is neutralized to 7.0 or higher and 10.0 or lower. The obtained precipitate of a substituent metal element-containing iron oxyhydroxide is coated with silicon oxide and then heated, whereby an iron-based oxide magnetic powder is obtained with a reduced content of fine and coarse particles, a particle shape close to a perfect sphere, and particles of ε-iron oxide in which Fe sites are partially substituted by other metal elements.

A method for producing polygonic Zn oxide platelets having a median specific surface area of more than 25 square meters per gram, in controlled size and morphology, the method comprising: preparing a medium including Zn or its compounds at a concentration within the range between 1.55 and 7.75 moles of Zn/L, in a medium suitable to substitute Zn ions by releasing free protons thereby forming a complex structure including Zn; agitation of the medium in a vessel at a temperature within the range between 50 and 320° for a duration up to 10 hours to obtain a suspension; filtering the suspension to obtain a filtrate including solid particles; drying and then calcination of the dried filtrate; wherein the agitation is performed with one or more radial flow impellers so that the Reynolds' number in the vessel is higher than 2500 and lower than 10000.

A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery is provided. The positive electrode active material being a lithium cobalt-based oxide includes a doping element M. A lithium cobalt-based oxide particle containing the doping element M in an amount of 3,000 ppm or more, wherein in a bulk portion corresponding to 90% of a core side among the radius from a core of the particle to a surface thereof, the doping element M in the lithium cobalt-based oxide particle is contained at a constant concentration, and in a surface portion from the surface of the particle to 100 nm in a core direction, the doping element M is contained at a concentration equal to or higher than that in the bulk portion and has a concentration in which the concentration thereof is gradient gradually decreased in the core direction from the surface of the particle.

A quantum processing system is disclosed. In one embodiment, a quantum processing system comprises: a plurality of donor atoms positioned in a silicon crystal substrate, each donor atom positioned at a donor site; and a plurality of conductive control electrodes arranged about the donor atoms to operate the donor atoms as qubits. Where, at least two pairs of nearest neighbour donor atoms of the plurality of donor atoms are arranged along the [110] direction of the silicon crystal substrate and are configured to operate as qubits.

A positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a lithium-nickel-cobalt-zinc composite oxide powder that contains lithium (Li); nickel (Ni); cobalt (Co); element M, which is at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and aluminum (Al); and zinc (Zn). A molar element ratio (Li:Ni:Co:M) of the lithium-nickel-cobalt-zinc composite oxide powder satisfies Li:Ni:Co:M=z:(1-x-y):x:y (where 0.95≤z≤1.10, 0.05≤x≤0.35, and 0≤y≤0.10); a zinc content with respect to Li, Ni, Co, the element M, and oxygen in the lithium-nickel-cobalt-zinc composite oxide powder is greater than or equal to 0.01 mass % and less than or equal to 1.5 mass %; and at least a part of a surface of the lithium-nickel-cobalt-zinc composite oxide powder includes a zinc solid-solved region where zinc is solid-solved.