The present invention provides a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery, which includes a core, a shell disposed to surround the core, and a buffer layer which is disposed between the core and the shell and includes pores and a three-dimensional network structure connecting the core and the shell, wherein, the core, the shell, and the three-dimensional network structure of the buffer layer each independently include a lithium nickel manganese cobalt-based composite metal oxide and at least one metallic element of the nickel, the manganese, and the cobalt has a concentration gradient that gradually changes in any one region of the core, the shell, and the entire positive electrode active material.

Disclosed is a lithium complex oxide and method of manufacturing the same, more particularly, a lithium complex oxide effective in improving the characteristics of capacity, resistance, and lifetime with reduced residual lithium and with different interplanar distances of crystalline structure between a primary particle locating in a internal part of secondary particle and a primary particle locating on the surface part of the secondary particle, and a method of preparing the same.

The present invention relates to a mixed oxide of aluminium, of zirconium, of cerium, of lanthanum and optionally of at least one rare-earth metal other than cerium and lanthanum that makes it possible to repair a catalyst that retains, after severe ageing, a good thermal stability and a good catalytic activity. The invention also relates to the process for preparing this mixed oxide and also to a process for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines using a catalyst prepared from this mixed oxide.

Process for making an electrode active material wherein said process comprises the following steps: (a) Providing a hydroxide TM(OH).sub.2 or at least one oxide TMO or oxyhydroxide of TM or combination of at least two of the foregoing wherein TM contains at least 99 mol-% Ni and, optionally, in total up to 1 mol-% of at least one metal selected from Ti, Zr, V, Co, Zn, Ba, or Mg, (b) mixing said hydroxide TM(OH).sub.2 or oxide TMO or oxyhydroxide of TM or combination with a source of lithium and an aqueous solution of a compound of Me wherein Me is selected from Al or Ga or a combination of the foregoing and wherein the molar amount of TM corresponds to the sum of Li and Me, (c) removing the water by evaporation, (d) treating the solid residue obtained from step (c) thermally at a temperature in the range of from 500 to 800° C. in the presence of oxygen.

A ternary positive electrode material, a method for preparing the same, a positive electrode sheet and a lithium ion battery in which the ternary positive electrode material has a chemical composition of Li.sub.a(Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yM.sub.1-x-y).sub.1-bM′bO.sub.2-cA.sub.c, wherein 0.75≤a≤1.2, 0.5≤x<1, 0<y≤0.1, 0≤b≤0.01, 0≤c≤0.2; M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn and Al; M′ is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Sr, W and Mg; A is at least one selected from the group consisting of S, F and N; and 2%≤C.sub.Col−C.sub.Co, 5%≤C.sub.Al−C.sub.All. The lithium ion battery shows better short-term kinetic performances and long-term kinetic performances, and it also exhibits excellent stability in long-term cycles.

A method for reusing a positive electrode active material includes dry-milling a positive electrode scrap comprising an active material layer on a current collector to convert the active material layer into a powdered state and to separate the active material layer from the current collector. The active material layer is a lithium composite transition metal oxide positive material active material layer. The method further includes adding a lithium precursor to a the active material layer. The method further includes thermally treating the active material layer in the powdered state to collect an active material. The method further includes obtaining a reusable active material by washing the collected active material with a basic lithium compound aqueous solution and drying the collected active material.

An object of the present invention is to provide magnesium oxide for an annealing separator which is useful for obtaining grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheets with excellent magnetic properties and insulating properties. To resolve the above object, an aspect of the present invention resides in magnesium oxide for an annealing separator which has a BET specific surface area of 12.0×10.sup.3 to 25.0×10.sup.3 m.sup.2.Math.kg.sup.−1 and a Blaine specific surface area of 2.0×10.sup.3 to 7.0×10.sup.3 m.sup.2.Math.kg.sup.−1.

Provided is an alkali metal titanate which, when used as a constituent material of a friction material, is excellent in heat resistance and friction force and capable of effectively suppressing wear of a mating material disposed to face the friction material. The alkali metal titanate includes a sodium atom and a silicon atom. The content of the sodium atom is 2.0 to 8.5 mass %. The content of the silicon atom is 0.2 to 2.5 mass %. The ratio of the content of an alkali metal atom other than the sodium atom to the content of the sodium atom is 0 to 6.

A cathode material, containing a crystal with a superlattice structure, is provided. A chemical formula of the crystal is xLi.sub.2MO.sub.3.(1-x)LiNi.sub.aCo.sub.bMn.sub.(1-a-b)O.sub.2, where 0<x≤0.1, 0.8≤a<1, b≤0.1, and M is selected from one or more of Mn, Co, and Ni. A preparation method of the cathode material and a battery or a capacitor containing the cathode material are also provided.

An improved process for forming a lithium metal phosphate cathode material is provided. The process comprises reacting a metal source, a phosphate containing acid such as phosphoric acid, and an organic acid in solvent to form a metal phosphate. A lithium source is added to the solvent and a precipitate is allowed to form. The precipitate is dried and calcined thereby forming lithium iron phosphate cathode material wherein the lithium iron phosphate cathode material comprises up to 3 wt % carbon.