Electromagnetic wave absorbing particles are provided that include hexagonal tungsten bronze having oxygen deficiency, wherein the tungsten bronze is expressed by a general formula: M.sub.xWO.sub.3-y (where one or more elements M include at least one or more species selected from among K, Rb, and Cs, 0.15x0.33, and 0<y0.46), and wherein oxygen vacancy concentration N.sub.V in the electromagnetic wave absorbing particles is greater than or equal to 4.310.sup.14 cm.sup.3 and less than or equal to 8.010.sup.21 cm.sup.3.

A highly active quaternary mixed transition metal oxide material has been developed. The material may be sulfided to generate metal sulfides which are used as a catalyst in a conversion process such as hydroprocessing. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

The invention generally relates to electrides and methods of making thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to a crystalline electride comprising: at least one positively charged layer comprising at least one alkaline earth metal subnitride represented by a formula A.sub.2N, wherein A comprises Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, or a combination thereof, and one or more layers of anionic electrons; and having a thickness from greater than 0 nm to about 50 nm. Further, methods of making these electrides are further disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

A compound ammonium fluoroborate, a nonlinear optical crystal of ammonium fluoroborate, and a preparation method and use thereof; the compound has the chemical formula of NH.sub.4B.sub.4O.sub.6F with a molecular weight of 176.28, and is prepared by a solid phase reaction process; the crystal has the chemical formula of NH.sub.4B.sub.4O.sub.6F with a molecular weight of 176.28, belongs to the orthorhombic system, and has a space group of Pna2.sub.1 and the following unit cell parameters: a=7.615(3) , b=11.207(4) , c=6.604(3) , Z=4, V=563.6 .sup.3. The nonlinear optical crystal can be obtained by the method of the present invention. The present invention provides uses of the nonlinear optical crystal in producing harmonic light and a deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplied light below 200 nm; and in making a frequency multiplication generator, a frequency up or down converter or an optical parametric oscillator.

An electromagnetic wave absorbing particle dispersoid is provided that includes at least electromagnetic wave absorbing particles and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the electromagnetic wave absorbing particles contain hexagonal tungsten bronze having oxygen deficiency, wherein the tungsten bronze is expressed by a general formula: M.sub.xWO.sub.3-y (where one or more elements M include at least one or more species selected from among K, Rb, and Cs, 0.15x0.33, and 0<y0.46), and wherein oxygen vacancy concentration N.sub.V in the electromagnetic wave absorbing particles is greater than or equal to 4.310.sup.14 cm.sup.3 and less than or equal to 8.010.sup.21 cm.sup.3.

A compound ammonium fluoroborate, a nonlinear optical crystal of ammonium fluoroborate, and a preparation method and use thereof; the compound has the chemical formula of NH.sub.4B.sub.4O.sub.6F with a molecular weight of 176.28, and is prepared by a solid phase reaction process; the crystal has the chemical formula of NH.sub.4B.sub.4O.sub.6F with a molecular weight of 176.28, belongs to the orthorhombic system, and has a space group of Pna2.sub.1 and the following unit cell parameters: a=7.615(3) , b=11.207(4) , c=6.604(3) , Z=4, V=563.6 .sup.3. The nonlinear optical crystal can be obtained by the method of the present invention. The present invention provides uses of the nonlinear optical crystal in producing harmonic light and a deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplied light below 200 nm; and in making a frequency multiplication generator, a frequency up or down converter or an optical parametric oscillator.

The present invention relates to an active cathode material of the general formula (I): M.sub.xNi.sub.a-yM.sup.1.sub.bM.sup.2.sub.cM.sup.3.sub.yO.sub.2, in which the variables are each defined as follows: M is an alkali metal, M.sup.1 is V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co or a mixture thereof, M.sup.2 is Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, M.sup.3 is Mg, Zn, Cu or a mixture thereof, x is in the range from 0.5 to 0.8, a is in the range from 0.1 to 0.4, b is in the range from 0.05 to 0.7, c is in the range from 0.02 to 0.6, y is in the range from 0.05 to 0.2 wherein a+b+c=1. The present invention further relates to an electrode material comprising said active cathode material, to electrodes produced from or using said electrode material and to a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising at least one electrode. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing said active cathode material of the general formula (I).

Single crystals of a new noncentrosymmetric polar oxysulfide SrZn.sub.2S.sub.2O (s.g. Pmn2.sub.1) grown in a eutectic KFKCl flux with unusual wurtzite-like slabs consisting of close-packed corrugated double layers of ZnS.sub.3O tetrahedra vertically separated from each other by Sr atoms and methods of making same.

A composition comprising synthetic mineral particles, such as silicate or phyllosilicate mineral particles, is presented. The composition can be prepared by a process in which a hydrogel precursor of the synthetic mineral particles is produced by a coprecipitation reaction between at least one compound comprising silicon, such as sodium metasilicate, and at least one compound comprising at least one metal element, such as a dicarboxylate salt of the formula M(R.sub.1COO).sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The coprecipitation reaction also takes place in the presence of at least one carboxylate salt of formula R.sub.2COOM wherein M is Na or K, and R.sub.2 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Provided is a metallic impurity-free graphite material utilizing Joule heat generation with well-balanced resistances at room temperature and at high temperatures. The graphite material has a specific resistance at 25 C. (.sub.25) of 10.0 .Math.m or more and 12.0 .Math.m or less; a specific resistance at 1600 C. (.sub.1600) of 9.5 .Math.m or more and 11.0 .Math.m or less; a ratio (.sub.1600/.sub.25) of specific resistance at 1600 C. to that at 25 C. of 0.85 or more and 1.00 or less; a temperature at which the minimum specific resistance (.sub.min) appears of 500 C. or higher and 800 C. or lower; a ratio (.sub.min/.sub.25) of the minimum specific resistance to the specific resistance at 25 C. of 0.70 or more and 0.80 or less; and a bulk density of 1.69 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 1.80 g/cm.sup.3 or less.