A process for delamination of a layered silicate in an aqueous medium includes treating a synthetic or naturally occurring 2:1 clay mineral layered silicate with a delamination agent, and contacting the treated layered silicate with an aqueous medium. An amount of the delamination agent used to treat the layered silicate can be at least equal to the cation exchange capacity of the layered silicate. A delaminated layered silicate can be obtained from the process and provided in a dispersion, a composite, or a barrier.

Anisotropic graphite and an anisotropic graphite composite are provided, each having excellent heat transmission performance and excellent long-term reliability as a heat transmitting element, and a production method for the anisotropic graphite composite. A face of anisotropic graphite which face is perpendicular to crystal orientation planes of graphite layers of the anisotropic graphite may be subjected to surface treatment so as to obtain anisotropic graphite having a specific surface roughness. An anisotropic graphite composite may include anisotropic graphite having an interface that has a specific interface roughness; a titanium-containing metal layer; and an inorganic material layer.

The present invention is to provide a cathode active material used for a lithium ion secondary battery which has a large charge-discharge capacity, and excels in charge-discharge cycle properties, output properties and productivity, and, a lithium ion secondary battery using the same. The cathode active material used for a lithium ion secondary battery comprises a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by the following Formula (1); Li.sub.1+aNi.sub.bCo.sub.cMn.sub.dM.sub.eO.sub.2+?, where, in the formula (1), M is at least one metal element other than Li, Ni, Co, and Mn; and a, b, c, d, e, and ? satisfy the following conditions: ?0.04?a?0.04, 0.80?b<1.00, 0?c?0.04, 0<d<0.20, b+c+d+e=1, ?0.2<?<0.2, and c and d in the Formula (1) satisfy c/d?0.75.

A process for producing a fabric comprising at least a graphene-based continuous or long fiber, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having chemically functionalized graphene sheets dispersed in a fluid; (b) dispensing, depositing, and shearing at least a continuous or long filament of the graphene dispersion onto a substrate, and removing the fluid to form a continuous or long fiber comprising aligned chemically functionally graphene sheets; and (c) inducing chemical reactions between chemical functional groups attached to adjacent graphene sheets to form the graphene fiber; (d) combining the graphene fiber with a plurality of fibers, the same type as or different than the graphene fiber, to form at least one fiber yarn; and (e) combining the at least one fiber yarn and a plurality of fiber yarns, the same type as or different than the at least one fiber yarn, to form the fabric.

Provided is a process for producing an integral graphene film, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having chemically functionalized graphene sheets dispersed in a fluid medium wherein the graphene sheets contain chemical functional groups attached thereto; (b) dispensing and depositing a wet film of the graphene dispersion onto a supporting substrate, wherein the dispensing and depositing procedure includes mechanical shear stress-induced alignment of the graphene sheets along a film planar direction, and partially or completely removing the fluid medium to form a relatively dried film comprising aligned chemically functionally graphene sheets; and (c) using heat, electromagnetic waves, UV light, or high-energy radiation to induce chemical reactions or chemical bonding between chemical functional groups attached to adjacent chemically functionalized graphene sheets to form the integral graphene film. The film after step (b) or (c) may be further compressed to increase the degree of graphene sheet orientation in the integral graphene film.

Provided is an integral graphene film comprising chemically functionalized graphene sheets that are chemically bonded or interconnected with one another having an inter-planar spacing d.sub.002 from 0.36 nm to 1.5 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and a non-carbon element content of 0.1% to 47% by weight, wherein said functionalized graphene sheets are substantially parallel to one another and parallel to an in-plane direction of said integral graphene film and said integral graphene film has a length from 1 cm to 10,000 m, a width from 1 cm to 5 m, a thickness from 2 nm to 500 m, and a physical density from 1.5 to 2.25 g/cm.sup.3. The integral graphene film typically has a Young's modulus from 20 GPa to 300 GPa or a tensile strength from 1.0 GPa to 3.5 GPa.

Provided is a metallic impurity-free graphite material utilizing Joule heat generation with well-balanced resistances at room temperature and at high temperatures. The graphite material has a specific resistance at 25 C. (.sub.25) of 10.0 .Math.m or more and 12.0 .Math.m or less; a specific resistance at 1600 C. (.sub.1600) of 9.5 .Math.m or more and 11.0 .Math.m or less; a ratio (.sub.1600/.sub.25) of specific resistance at 1600 C. to that at 25 C. of 0.85 or more and 1.00 or less; a temperature at which the minimum specific resistance (.sub.min) appears of 500 C. or higher and 800 C. or lower; a ratio (.sub.min/.sub.25) of the minimum specific resistance to the specific resistance at 25 C. of 0.70 or more and 0.80 or less; and a bulk density of 1.69 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 1.80 g/cm.sup.3 or less.

Provided is a fabric comprising a layer of yarns combined (by weaving, braiding, knitting, or non-woven) to form the fabric wherein the yarns comprise one or a plurality of graphene-based long or continuous fibers. The long or continuous fiber comprises chemically functionalized graphene sheets that are chemically bonded with one another having an inter-planar spacing d.sub.002 from 0.36 nm to 1.5 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and a non-carbon element content of 0.1% to 40% by weight, wherein the functionalized graphene sheets are substantially parallel to one another and parallel to the fiber axis direction and the fiber contains no core-shell structure, have no helically arranged graphene domains, and have a length no less than 0.5 cm and a physical density from 1.5 to 2.25 g/cm.sup.3. The graphene fiber typically has a thermal conductivity from 300 to 1,600 W/mK, an electrical conductivity from 600 to 15,000 S/cm, or a tensile strength higher than 1.0 GPa.

The object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric thin film and a capacitance element having excellent dielectric property. A dielectric thin film comprising a main component comprised of an oxynitride expressed by a compositional formula of A.sub.aB.sub.bO.sub.oN.sub.n (a+b+o+n=5), wherein said A is one or more selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Na, said B is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, Ti, and W, and crystalline particles constituting said dielectric thin film are polycrystalline which are not aligned to a particular crystal plane orientation, and a size of a crystallite of the crystalline particles included in the dielectric thin film is 100 nm or less.

The present disclosure provides an anode material and a battery, the anode material includes graphite, pores are formed at the surface of and/or inside the graphite, the anode material has a pore volume of V cm.sup.3/kg, a true density of D g/cm.sup.3, a specific surface area is S m.sup.2/g, a degree of graphitization is G %, wherein, 0.7V*S/D3.95, and 89G93. The anode material and the battery according to the present disclosure can improve the rate performance and the cycle performance of the graphite anode material under a high rate current.