According to one embodiment, a tungsten oxide material containing potassium is provided. The tungsten oxide material has a shape of particles including a central section and a peripheral section adjacent to the central section, and having an average particle size of 100 nm or less. A periodicity of a crystal varies between the central section and the peripheral section. In addition, a tungsten oxide powder mass for an electrochromic device including 80% by mass to 100% by mass of the tungsten oxide material is provided. Moreover, a slurry for producing an electrochromic device containing the above tungsten oxide material is provided.

The present invention relates to a lithium composite oxide having improved stability and electrical characteristics as a positive electrode material by inhibiting an interfacial side reaction in the lithium composite oxide and improving the stability of a crystal structure and ion conductivity, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

Provided is carbon material filler for an electromagnetic shield, which includes a graphitizable carbon material to be mixed into a molding material in order to absorb electromagnetic waves, the carbon material filler for an electromagnetic shield satisfying (1) to (3): (1) A spacing d002 of a 002 plane of the graphitizable carbon material measured through X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) is at least 0.338 nm. (2) A relative intensity ratio (A/B) value between a peak intensity (A) of a “002 plane” detected when the graphitizable carbon material is measured through X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) and a higher peak intensity (B) that is selected from a “100 plane” and a “004 plane” is at least 2.5 and less than 27. (3) The filler is in powder form and the average particle diameter D50 is at least 1 μm and at most 5 mm.

The present invention provides a carbonaceous material suitable for a negative electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries (e.g., lithium ion secondary batteries, sodium ion secondary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium air batteries) having high charge/discharge capacities, and preferably high charge/discharge efficiency and low resistance, a negative electrode comprising the carbonaceous material, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the negative electrode, and a production method of the carbonaceous material. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a nitrogen content obtained by elemental analysis of 3.5 mass % or more, a ratio of nitrogen content and hydrogen content (R.sub.N/H) of 6 or more and 100 or less, a ratio of oxygen content and nitrogen content (R.sub.O/N) of 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, and a carbon interplanar spacing (d.sub.002) observed by X-ray diffraction measurement of 3.70 Å or more.

The present invention relates to a surface-modified particulate lithium nickel oxide material. The invention also relates to a process of preparing a particulate lithium nickel oxide material. Further aspects of the invention include a cathode comprising the particulate lithium nickel oxide material, a lithium secondary cell or battery comprising such a cathode, and the use of the particulate lithium nickel oxide to improve the capacity retention of a lithium secondary cell or battery.

The present invention relates to entangled-type carbon nanotubes which have a bulk density of 31 kg/m.sup.3 to 85 kg/m.sup.3 and a ratio of tapped bulk density to bulk density of 1.37 to 2.05, and a method for preparing the entangled-type carbon nanotubes.

To provide a hydrocarbon adsorbent having high hydrocarbon adsorbing properties even after exposed to a high temperature/high humidity reducing atmosphere. A hydrocarbon adsorbent, which includes a FAU type zeolite having a lattice constant of at least 24.29 Å and containing copper. Such a hydrocarbon adsorbent may be used for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons to be exposed to a high temperature/high humidity environment, and may be used particularly for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, such as an automobile exhaust gas.

A graphene oxide-based membrane There is provided a graphene oxide-based membrane comprising a substrate and a plurality of layers of single-layered graphene oxide formed on the substrate, each of the plurality of layers of single-layered graphene oxide is functionalised by at least one diamine functional group, wherein interlayer spacing between two adjacent layers of single-layered graphene oxide is ≤ 10 Å. The membrane may be comprised in an electrocapacitive unit. There is also provided a method of forming the membrane.

The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a pore volume determined by performing Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation on an adsorption-desorption isotherm of carbon dioxide of 0.05 cm.sup.3/g or more and 0.20 cm.sup.3/g or less, and a ratio of desorption amount to adsorption amount (desorption amount/adsorption amount) at a relative pressure of 0.01 in the adsorption-desorption isotherm of 1.05 or more.