A method for configuring a non-lithium-intercalation electrode includes intercalating an insertion species between multiple layers of a stacked or layered electrode material. The method forms an electrode architecture with increased interlayer spacing for non-lithium metal ion migration. A laminate electrode material is constructed such that pillaring agents are intercalated between multiple layers of the stacked electrode material and installed in a battery.

A solid-state ion conductor includes a compound of Formula 1:

Li.sub.3a+b−(c*N)N.sub.aCl.sub.bX.sub.c  Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, X is an anion having an average oxidation state of n and is −3>n≤−1, and is at least one of Br, I, F, O, S, or P; and 1≤a≤4, 1≤b≤3, 0≤c≤3, and 4.8≤(a+b+c)≤5.2.

The present disclosure provides, for example, systems and methods for generating carbon particles. Carbon particles may have a total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of less than or equal to about 0.5 parts per million, a content of benzo[a]pyrene of less than or equal to about 5 parts per billion, and a water spreading pressure that is less than about 5 mJ/m.sup.2. A carbon particle among the carbon particles may comprise less than about 0.3% sulfur by weight or less than or equal to about 0.03% ash by weight.

A negative electrode material for a power storage device contains a single-phase porous carbon material capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing lithium ions, the single-phase porous carbon material has a BET specific surface area of not less than 100 m.sup.2/g, and a cumulative volume of pores having a pore diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm in a pore diameter distribution of the single-phase porous carbon material is not less than 25% of a total pore volume.

An electromagnetic wave absorbing laminated transparent base material includes a plurality of sheets of transparent base materials; and an electromagnetic wave absorbing particle dispersoid including at least electromagnetic wave absorbing particles and a thermoplastic resin. The electromagnetic wave absorbing particles contain hexagonal tungsten bronze having oxygen deficiency. The tungsten bronze is expressed by a general formula: M.sub.xWO.sub.3−y (where one or more elements M include at least one or more species selected from among K, Rb, and Cs, 0.15≤x≤0.33, and 0<y≤0.46). Oxygen vacancy concentration N.sub.V in the electromagnetic wave absorbing particles is greater than or equal to 4.3×10.sup.14 cm.sup.−3 and less than or equal to 8.0×10.sup.21 cm.sup.−3. The electromagnetic wave absorbing particle dispersoid is arranged between the plurality of sheets of the transparent base materials.

A negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery, a negative electrode for a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion battery, a battery pack and a battery powered vehicle are disclosed herein. The negative electrode material for the lithium ion measured by means of XPS has a half-value width of 0.55-7 eV at a peak of 284-290 eV; a C/O atomic ratio of (65-75):1, and a peak area ratio of sp.sup.2C to sp.sup.3C of 1:(0.5-5) with the sum of the spectral peak areas of sp.sup.2C and sp.sup.3C being a reference. Using the negative electrode material having the structure above for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery may provide a large lithium storage, and form a stable SEI film, thereby improving the stability of the negative electrode of the lithium during a cycling process, and improving the rate performance of the lithium ion battery.

The present disclosure is directed to novel phyllosilicate compositions designated CIT-13P and methods of producing and using the same.

Electromagnetic wave absorbing particles are provided that include hexagonal tungsten bronze having oxygen deficiency, wherein the tungsten bronze is expressed by a general formula: M.sub.xWO.sub.3-y(where one or more elements M include at least one or more species selected from among K, Rb, and Cs, 0.15≤x≤0.33, and 0<y≤0.46), and wherein oxygen vacancy concentration N.sub.v in the electromagnetic wave absorbing particles is greater than or equal to 3×10.sup.14 cm.sup.−3 and less than or equal to 8.0×10.sup.21 cm.sup.−3.

A carbonaceous material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having an average interplanar spacing d.sub.002 of the (002) plane within a range of 0.36 to 0.42 nm calculated by using the Bragg equation according to a wide-angle X-ray diffraction method, a specific surface area within a range of 8 to 30 m.sup.2/g obtained by a nitrogen adsorption BET three-point method, a nitrogen element content of 0.5 mass % or less, an oxygen element content of 0.3 mass % or less, and an average particle diameter of 1 to 2.8 μm according to a laser scattering method.

Several variations of synthetic carbon materials are disclosed. The materials can assume a variety of properties, including high electrical conductivity. The materials also can have favorable structural and mechanical properties. They can form gas impenetrable barriers, form insulating structures, and can have unique optical properties.