Provided is a method of producing isolated graphene sheets directly from a biomass, the method including: (A) providing a biomass in a liquid state, solution state, solid state, or semi-solid state; (B) heat treating the biomass and, concurrently or sequentially, using chemical or mechanical means to form graphene domains dispersed in a disordered matrix of carbon or hydrocarbon molecules, wherein the graphene domains are each composed of from 1 to 30 planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings and, in the situations wherein there are 2-30 planes in a graphene domain, having an inter-graphene space between two planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings no less than 0.4 nm; and (C) separating and isolating these planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings to recover graphene sheets from said disordered matrix.

The present disclosure relates to layered 2D MoS.sub.2 nanostructures wherein light-matter interactions are enhanced by intercalation with transition metal atoms and/or post-transition metal atoms, specifically Cu and/or Sn. Photodetectors comprising Cu and/or Sn intercalated 2D MoS.sub.2 nanostructures amplify the response in the near-infrared for devices based on 2D MoS.sub.2.

The present invention discloses a cathode material for a sodium ion battery and a preparation method and application thereof. The cathode material has a general chemical formula of Na.sub.1+aNi.sub.1−x−y−zMn.sub.xFe.sub.yA.sub.zO.sub.2, where −0.40≤a≤0.25, 0.08<x<0.5, 0.05<y<0.5, 0.0<z<0.26. A is selected from one of or a combination of two or more of Ti, Zn, Co, Al, Zr, Y, Ca, Li, Rb, Cs, W, Ce, Mo, Ba, Mg, Ta, Nb, V, Sc, Sr, B and Cu. Here, in the cathode material for the sodium ion battery, at least two diffraction peaks exist when a diffraction angle 2θ is 42°-46°. The diffraction angle 2θ values of the two diffraction peaks are respectively around 43° and around 45°. The present invention increases the discharge capacity of the sodium ion battery by controlling the structure of the cathode material of the sodium ion battery to reduce the residual alkali content of the cathode material.

In an RHO-type zeolite, in a case where a peak at a lattice spacing of 9.96 to 11.25 Å in a measurement using a powder X-ray diffraction method is assumed as a reference peak and an intensity of the reference peak is assumed as 100, a relative intensity of a peak at a lattice spacing of 4.59 to 4.85 Å is 150 to 300, a relative intensity of a peak at a lattice spacing of 3.55 to 3.64 Λ is 200 to 500, and a relative intensity of a peak at a lattice spacing of 2.98 to 3.06 Å is 100 to 200.

The pigment is composed of particles having a lattice constant a of 5.4700-5.5100 Å and containing a calcium-titanium composite oxide as a main component. The pigment selectively transmit light in a warm-color range, and can be used as an alternative material for titanium oxide. This pigment can be used for a cosmetic, for example.

A two-dimensional perovskite material, a dielectric material including the same, and a multi-layered capacitor. The two-dimensional perovskite material includes a layered metal oxide including a first layer having a positive charge and a second layer having a negative charge which are laminated, a monolayer nanosheet exfoliated from the layered metal oxide, a nanosheet laminate of a plurality of the monolayer nanosheets, or a combination thereof, wherein the two-dimensional perovskite material a first phase having a two-dimensional crystal structure is included in an amount of greater than or equal to about 80 volume %, based on 100 volume % of the two-dimensional perovskite material, and the two-dimensional perovskite material is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

The invention relates to the field of battery materials, and discloses a cathode material precursor and a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the cathode material precursor is Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.z(OH).sub.2, wherein 0.2≤x≤1, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.6, and 0.8≤x+y+z≤1. The cathode material precursor is in a shape of a stack of lamellae, and has a particle size broadening factor K, where K≤0.85. In the invention, the preparation process of the precursor is effectively controlled and adjusted by the controlled crystallization method combined with Lamer nucleation and growth theoretical model. The prepared precursor has morphology characteristics of concentrated particle size distribution and high proportion of {010} active crystal plane family, and has capacity retention up to 91.33% at a rate of 20C.

A method of preparing a soft carbon material for high-voltage supercapacitors includes: providing an initial soft carbon material characterized by: (A) a first carbon layer spacing greater than 0.345 nm but less than 0.360 nm; (B) a crystal plane (002) with a length (L.sub.c) less than 6 nm; (C) a crystal plane (101) with a length (L.sub.a) less than 6 nm; and (D) an intensity ratio (I.sub.(002)/I.sub.(101)) of the crystal plane (002) to the crystal plane (101) obtained by XRD analysis being less than 60; performing an alkaline activation on the initial soft carbon material with an alkaline activator to obtain a first processing carbon material; and performing an electrochemical activation on the first processing carbon material with an electrolyte to obtain the soft carbon material for the high-voltage supercapacitors.

The present invention relates to a precursor of a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon dioxide, a method for preparing thereof, a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon dioxide, and a method for preparing thereof. An embodiment of the present invention provides a precursor of a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon dioxide comprising CuFeO.sub.2.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.