A material, especially a glassy material of pyrophosphate type, corresponding to the general formula (I): {[(M.sup.2+).sub.1−x(R.sup.+).sub.2x].sub.2[(P.sub.2O.sub.7.sup.4−).sub.1−y(PO.sub.4.sup.3−).sub.4y/3]} n(H.sub.2O) in which x and y are positive rational numbers each between 0 and 0.8, and n is such that the weight percentage of water in the material is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 95. M.sup.2+ represents a bivalent ion of a metal chosen from calcium, magnesium, strontium, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel, or any mixture of such bivalent ions. R.sup.+ represents a monovalent ion of a metal selected from potassium, lithium, sodium, and silver, or any mixture of such monovalent ions. This material in particular can be used in manufacturing of bone replacements or prosthesis coatings.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of a second magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of magnesium, or of a catalytic amount of a strong, volatile acid; and/or an additive non-magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of lithium, antimony, tin calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, silicium, zirconium, titanium or zinc. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

A novel process provides for the preparation of the chlorinated, uncharged substance tetrakis(trichlorosilyl)germane, and for the use thereof.

A system and method of generating ammonia can include an acid and an ammonia precursor.

A process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having an MWW framework structure and comprising boron and titanium, the process comprising (i) providing an aqueous synthesis mixture comprising a silica source, a boron source, a titanium source, and an MWW templating agent; (ii) heating the aqueous synthesis mixture to a temperature in the range of from 160 to 190° C.; (iii) subjecting the synthesis mixture (ii) to hydrothermal synthesis conditions, obtaining, in its mother liquor, a precursor of the zeolitic material; (iv) separating the precursor from its mother liquor; (v) calcining the separated precursor, obtaining the zeolitic material having an MWW framework structure and comprising boron and titanium.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+[M′M.sub.12X.sub.8O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q].sup.m− or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

Surface-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are disclosed, as well as processes by which they are made, and uses of the LDHs in composite materials. The surface-modified LDHs of the invention are more organophilic than their unmodified analogues, which allows the LDHs to be incorporated in a wide variety of materials, wherein the interesting functionality of LDHs may be exploited.

A negative electrode active material comprising: particles of negative electrode active material, wherein the particles of negative electrode active material contain particles of silicon compound containing a silicon compound (SiO.sub.x:0.5≤x≤1.6), and wherein the particles of silicon compound have, as chemical shift values obtained from a .sup.29Si-MAS-NMR spectrum, an intensity A of a peak derived from amorphous silicon obtained in −40 to −60 ppm, an intensity B of a peak derived from silicon dioxide obtained in the vicinity of −110 ppm, and an intensity C of a peak derived from Si obtained in the vicinity of −83 ppm, which satisfy the following formula 1 and formula 2.
B≤1.5×A  (1)
B<C  (2)

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material comprising YO.sub.2 in its framework structure, wherein Y stands for a tetravalent element, wherein said process comprises the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO.sub.2, one or more fluoride containing compounds, and one or more structure directing agents; (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) for obtaining a zeolitic material comprising YO.sub.2 in its framework structure;
wherein the mixture provided in step (1) and crystallized in step (2) contains 35 wt.-% or less of H.sub.2O based on 100 wt.-% of YO.sub.2 contained in the mixture provided in step (1) and crystallized in step (2), as well as to a zeolitic material comprising YO.sub.2 in its framework structure obtainable and/or obtained according to said process, and to a zeolitic material per se comprising SiO.sub.2 in its framework structure, wherein in the .sup.29Si MAS NMR spectrum of the as-synthesized zeolitic material the ratio of the total integration value of the peaks associated to Q3 signals to the total integration value of the peaks associated to Q4 signals is in the range of from 0:100 to 20:80, including the use of the aforementioned zeolitic materials.

Silica particles includes a nitrogen-containing compound. The ratio of the integral C of a signal observed at a chemical shift of −50 ppm or more and −75 ppm or less in a .sup.29Si solid-state nuclei magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the silica particles, the .sup.29Si solid-state NMR spectrum being obtained by cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS), to the integral D of a signal observed at a chemical shift of −90 ppm or more and −120 ppm or less in the .sup.29Si solid-state NMR spectrum, that is, C/D, is 0.10 or more and 0.75 or less. The amount X of the nitrogen-containing compound extracted from the silica particles with a mixed solution of ammonia and methanol is 0.1% by mass or more. The amount X of the nitrogen-containing compound extracted and the amount Y of the nitrogen-containing compound extracted from the silica particles with water satisfy Y/X<0.3.