The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a novel precipitated silica, wherein: a silicate is reacted with an acidifying agent, so as to obtain a silica suspension; said silica suspension is filtered, so as to obtain a filter cake; said filter cake is subjected to a liquefaction operation, optionally in the presence of an aluminium compound; wherein at least one polycarboxylic acid is added to the filter cake, during or after the liquefaction operation. It also relates to a novel precipitated silica and to its uses.

Activated aluminum sesquichlorohydrate (AASCH) powders and method of making are disclosed. The AASCH powder has Al:Cl atomic ratio of from about 1.60 to about 1.90 and Band III polymer concentration of at least about 20% and Band IV polymer concentration of at least about 15% when analyzed with Size Exclusion Chromatogram (SEC) operated by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC). The method of making the active comprises (a) diluting the concentrated aluminum sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) solution to from about 10% to about 25% by weight and (b) heating the diluted solution to obtain a Band III polymer concentration of at least about 20% and a Band IV polymer concentration of at least about 15%, and (c) drying the heated solution to powders having Al:Cl ratio of about 1.60 to about 1.90 and (d) optionally screen or light mill the powders to free flowing spherical particles.

A composition comprising an aluminum chlorohydrate salt, the aluminum chlorohydrate salt having at least 50 mole % Al.sub.30 polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cation of all polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cations detectable by quantitative .sup.27Al NMR within the aluminum chlorohydrate salt, and a buffer. The composition can optionally include zirconium. Also disclosed are a method of making an aluminum salt using an increased molar concentration of a starting aluminum salt with a buffer, a method of reducing perspiration with the aluminum chlorohydrate salt, and a method of treating water with the aluminum chlorohydrate salt.

A method of making an antiperspirant active composition and the use of a heating step at elevated temperature to convert Al.sub.13 polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cations in the species detectable by .sup.27Al NMR within an aqueous aluminum salt solution into Al.sub.30 polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cations in the species detectable by .sup.27Al NMR without increasing a SEC Peak 3 area in the SEC chromatogram of the aluminum salt.

Activated aluminum sesquichlorohydrate (AASCH) powders and method of making are disclosed. The AASCH powder has Al:Cl atomic ratio of from about 1.60 to about 1.90 and Band III polymer concentration of at least about 20% and Band IV polymer concentration of at least about 15% when analyzed with Size Exclusion Chromatogram (SEC) operated by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC). The method of making the active comprises (a) diluting the concentrated aluminum sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) solution to from about 10% to about 25% by weight and (b) heating the diluted solution to obtain a Band III polymer concentration of at least about 20% and a Band IV polymer concentration of at least about 15%, and (c) drying the heated solution to powders having Al:Cl ratio of about 1.60 to about 1.90 and (d) optionally screen or light mill the powders to free flowing spherical particles.

Provided is a surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent dispersibility in an organic solvent, and a method capable of introducing various surface-modifying groups and easily producing surface-modified nanocarbon particles with little zirconia contamination. The surface-modified nanodiamond includes nanodiamond particles and a group that surface-modifies the nanodiamond particles and is represented by Formula (1): XR.sup.1 (1) [where X represents NH, O, OC(O), C(O)O, NHC(O), C(O)NH, or S; the bond extending left from X is bonded to a nanodiamond particle; R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group that does not have a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, mono-substituted amino group, terminal alkenyl group, and terminal epoxy group; an atom bound to X is a carbon atom; and a molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is 4.5 or greater.