A polysilicon rod wherein in an area whose distance from a center of a cross section of the polysilicon rod is within ⅔ of a radius and that excludes a seed core, average grain boundary characteristics have following features: a coincidence grain boundary ratio exceeds 20%, a grain boundary length exceeds 550 mm/mm.sup.2, and a random grain boundary length does not exceed 800 mm/mm.sup.2.

A thermal sensing bulb (102) for an expansion valve (104) in a refrigerant system, the bulb containing a ballast material (108), the ballast material including alumina. More particularly, the ballast material (108) includes alpha alumina, which may be in the form of a plurality of discrete particles having a desired surface area, particle size, and/or particle size distribution.

A co-assembly method for synthesizing inverse photonic structures is described. The method includes combining an onium compound with a sol-gel precursor to form metal oxide (MO) nanocrystals, where each MO nanocrystal has crystalline and amorphous content. The MO nanocrystals are combined with templating particles to form a suspension. A solvent is evaporated from the suspension to form an intermediate or compound product, which then undergoes calcination to produce an inverse structure.

In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, the disclosure, in one aspect, relates to compound Bi-poor perovskite crystals, methods for making the same, and ionizing and other electromagnetic radiation detectors constructed using the Bi-poor perovskite crystals. The Bi-poor perovskite crystals can be synthesized using melt-based growth methods and solution-based growth methods and contain no toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, thallium, or mercury. Devices fabricated from the crystals maintain acceptable levels of performance over time. In some aspects, post-growth annealing can be used to improve the properties, including, but not limited to, room temperature resistivity and response to radiation.

The present disclosure relates to a polymer for transferring graphene, including: polystyrene; and a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001## (in Chemical Formula 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently H, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, which can be substituted, and C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl, which can be substituted, and the substitution is carried out with C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl, and n is 1 to 10).

The present disclosure relates to a flow through electrode, capacitive deionization (FTE-CDI) system which is able to adsorb nitrates from water being treated using the system. The system makes use of a pair of electrodes arranged generally parallel to one another, with a water permeable dielectric sandwiched between the electrodes. The electrodes receive a direct current voltage from an electrical circuit. At least one of the electrodes is formed from a carbon material having a hierarchical pore size distribution which includes a first plurality of pores having a width of no more than about 1 nm, and a second plurality of micro-sized pores. The micron-sized pores enable a flow of water to be pushed through the electrodes while the first plurality of pores form adsorption sites for nitrate molecules carried in the water flowing through the electrodes.

The present disclosure provides functionalized powder particles and methods of forming functionalized powder particles. The functionalization is acquired through the formation of primary and/or secondary structures on a powder particle. Functionalization can be controlled to bring about changes in a broad range of physical and/or chemical properties.

A CNT dispersion includes a dispersion medium, and a nanocarbon material containing carbon nanotubes dispersed in the dispersion medium. 98% or more of the nanocarbon material has a length of 1 μm or more and 105 μm or less and the nanocarbon material has an average aspect ratio of 100 or more and 20000 or less.

A coating composition includes first composite particles including an effect pigment adhered to polymeric powder and second particles distinct from the first composite particles and not adhered to the first composite particles. The second particles include a colorant including a pigment. A method for imparting an anodized appearance to a substrate and a kit for applying a coating composition to a substrate to impart an anodized appearance to the substrate are also disclosed.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a composite pigment, and production method thereof, which can suppress luster of a coating film by modifying an inorganic coloring pigment, and which can be used in various applications such as low-gloss (luster reduction effect) pigments and matte pigments; a paint composition which can achieve both an excellent coating film texture and also the property of having low gloss and luster even when added to a coating film; and a coating film. In this composite pigment, the inorganic coloring pigment is fixed by an inorganic compound, and a plurality of particles of the inorganic coloring pigment are aggregated into granular form through the inorganic compound.