The invention provides a method for the production of graphene-structured products. The method generally comprises contacting at a conversion temperature ranging from about 850° C. to about 1100° C. in an inert atmosphere coal with a molten salt to produce a graphene-structured product. In an alternate embodiment, the method comprises contacting at a conversion temperature ranging from about 850° C. to about 1100° C. in an inert atmosphere coal with a molten salt to produce a graphene-structured product; and, separating a rare earth element from the graphene-structured product.

Provided are a cathode active material having a suitable particle size and high uniformity, and a nickel composite hydroxide as a precursor of the cathode active material. When obtaining nickel composite hydroxide by a crystallization reaction, nucleation is performed by controlling a nucleation aqueous solution that includes a metal compound, which includes nickel, and an ammonium ion donor so that the pH value at a standard solution temperature of 25° C. becomes 12.0 to 14.0, after which, particles are grown by controlling a particle growth aqueous solution that includes the formed nuclei so that the pH value at a standard solution temperature of 25° C. becomes 10.5 to 12.0, and so that the pH value is lower than the pH value during nucleation. The crystallization reaction is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at least in a range after the processing time exceeds at least 40% of the total time of the particle growth process from the start of the particle growth process where the oxygen concentration is 1 volume % or less, and with controlling an agitation power requirement per unit volume into a range of 0.5 kW/m.sup.3 to 4 kW/m.sup.3 at least during the nucleation process.

A silver-doped, nano-porous hydroxyapatite material is provided that can be utilized to capture radioactive iodine, .sup.129I. Methods of using the silver-doped, nano-porous hydroxyapatite material to remove radioactive iodine, and methods of manufacturing the material are also provided.

The present invention relates to a ceramic, to a process for preparing the ceramic and to the use of the ceramic as a dielectric in a capacitor.

A method for preparing a γ-Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 nanomaterial, comprising a step of treating a mixture comprising a gallium element, water, and an organic solvent with ultrasound. The preparation process and equipment requirements are simple, the cost of materials is low, there are fewer experimental parameters, and experimental conditions are mild, with no additional heat source and/or pressure being applied. The γ-Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 nanomaterial can be prepared, in kilograms or above, quickly at an ambient temperature and pressure.

The present invention relates to the field of electrode material of a low temperature resistant supercapacitor, and in particular to a nickel foam-supported defective tricobalt tetroxide nanomaterial, a low temperature resistant supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof. The method includes the following steps: dissolving cobalt acetate in an ethylene glycol solution and stirring uniformly to obtain a pink transparent solution; adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to the pink transparent solution, and stirring until the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide dissolves to obtain a mixed solution; putting the mixed solution into a teflon-lined reactor, adding pretreated nickel foam for hydrothermal reaction, taking out the nickel foam after the reaction is completed, and ultrasonic cleaning the nickel foam repeatedly before drying; and heat-treating the nickel foam obtained after drying. The defective tricobalt tetroxide (D-Co.sub.3O.sub.4) grown on the nickel foam prepared by the present invention still has a high specific capacity at a low temperature, and the assembled supercapacitor can withstand low temperature, and thus has great application prospects.

A method for increasing the specific surface area of titanium phosphate plate-shaped particles of this invention includes: obtaining a liquid in a state where a powder containing titanium phosphate plate-shaped particles is dispersed in an aqueous alkaline solution.

A method of preparing a positive electrode active material includes preparing a lithium transition metal oxide containing nickel in an amount of 60 mol % or more based on a total number of moles of metals excluding lithium, impregnating the lithium transition metal oxide with 300 ppm to 1,000 ppm of moisture based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium transition metal oxide, and performing a heat treatment on the lithium transition metal oxide impregnated with the moisture, wherein a lithium by-product present on a surface of the lithium transition metal oxide and the moisture react to form a passivation layer on the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide. A positive electrode active material prepared by the above-described preparation method, and a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery which include the positive electrode active material are also provided.

Described herein are chemically assembled nanoparticles of a multiferroic material embedded into a conductive (e.g., metal-organic) framework host that allows for tunable qubit spacing and overall architecture. In certain aspects, the composites described herein can function as solid-state qubits. In other aspects, the composites described herein can be implemented in systems used in quantum information processing (QIP). In other aspects, the composites described herein can be used as a quantum sensor.

Preparation, characterization, and an electrochemical study of Mg.sub.0.1V.sub.2O.sub.5 prepared by a novel sol-gel method with no high-temperature post-processing are disclosed. Cyclic voltammetry showed the material to be quasi-reversible, with improved kinetics in an acetonitrile-, relative to a carbonate-, based electrolyte. Galvanostatic test data under a C/10 discharge showed a delivered capacity >250 mAh/g over several cycles. Based on these results, a magnesium anode battery, as disclosed, would yield an average operating voltage ˜3.2 Volts with an energy density ˜800 mWh/g for the cathode material, making the newly synthesized material a viable cathode material for secondary magnesium batteries.