Exemplary embodiments of positive electrode active materials in the form of single particles, and a method of preparing each of them, are provided. The single particles of the exemplary embodiments include single particles of a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, having a plurality of crystal grains, each having a size of 180 nm to 300 nm, as analyzed by a Cu Kα X-ray (X-rα). The single particles include a metal doped in the crystal lattice thereof. One embodiment includes a surface coating. The total content of the metal doped in the crystal lattice thereof and the metal of the metal oxide coated on the surface thereof is controlled in the range of 2500 ppm to 6000 ppm.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework includes at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties include a hafnium atom. The hafnium atom is bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and bridging oxygen atom bridges the hafnium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

The present invention provides alumina hydrate particles, a flame retardant and a resin composition that are each for an electric wire/cable covering material improvable in flame retardancy and mechanical properties while the covering material keeps acid resistance; such an electric wire/cable; and producing methods thereof. The alumina hydrate particles of the present invention for electric wire/cable covering material have an average particle size of 0.5 to 2.5 μm, and having a primary particle variation R of 24% or less, the variation R being represented by the following expression:
primary particle variation R (%)=“standard deviationσ(μm) of major axis diameters of the primary particles”/“average value(μm) of the major axis diameters of the primary particles”×100.

An ultra-hard carbon film is formed by the uniaxial compression of thin films of graphene. The graphene films are two or three layers thick (2-L or 3-L). High pressure compression forms a diamond-like film and provides improved properties to the coated substrates.

A method includes positioning a porous structure in a pressure cell; injecting an inert pressure medium within the pressure cell; and pressurizing the pressure cell to a pressure that thermodynamically favors a crystalline phase of the porous structure over an amorphous phase of the porous structure to transition the amorphous phase of the porous structure into the crystalline phase of the porous structure.

A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes lithium transition metal oxide particles, wherein the lithium transition metal oxide particles may include first lithium transition metal oxide particles (first particles) including an interparticular pore and second lithium transition metal oxide particles (second particles) having an average particle diameter within a range of a diameter of the interparticular pore, measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. By including first particles including an interparticular pore and second particles having an average particle diameter within a range of a diameter of the interparticular pore measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, the cathode active material may have a reduced interparticular pore present therein. Accordingly, the cathode active material may have an improved pellet density. Consequently, when a lithium secondary battery is manufactured using the cathode active material, the energy density thereof may improve.

A process for treating a sulfurous fluid to form gypsum and magnesium carbonate, whereby the sulfurous fluid is scrubbed with a sequestrating agent to yield a scrubbed fluid, gypsum and magnesium sulfate. The flue gas desulfurized gypsum is isolated from the magnesium sulfate solution by filtration or centrifugation. The magnesium sulfate is reacted with a carbonate salt to produce a magnesium carbonate whereby the reaction conditions are controlled to control the properties of the magnesium carbonate produced.

Provided are a biomineralogical method for removing cesium ions. The method for removing cesium ions, the method comprising: adding metal-reducing bacteria, an iron source, and a sulfur source into a solution containing the cesium ions to convert the cesium ions into a solid mineral incorporating cesium. The method for removing cesium ions according to the present invention has advantages in that the cesium ions may be removed with high efficiency and small volume even in the case in which competing ions are present at a high concentration like sea water.

Powder comprising particles comprising a matrix material and silicon-based domains dispersed in this matrix material, whereby the matrix material is carbon or a material that can be thermally decomposed to carbon, whereby either part of the silicon-based domains are present in the form of agglomerates of silicon-based domains whereby at least 98% of these agglomerates have a maximum size of 3 μm or less, or the silicon-based domains are not at all agglomerated into agglomerates.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a material based on an aluminosilicate selected from barium aluminosilicate BAS, barium-strontium aluminosilicate BSAS, and strontium aluminosilicate SAS, said aluminosilicate consisting of aluminosilicate with a hexagonal structure, characterised in that it includes a single sintering step in which a mixture of powders of precursors of said aluminosilicate, including an aluminium hydroxide Al(OH).sub.3 powder, are sintered by a hot-sintering technique with a pulsed electric field SPS; whereby a material based on an aluminosilicate, said aluminosilicate consisting of an aluminosilicate with a hexagonal structure is obtained. The material based on an aluminosilicate prepared by said method can be used in a method for preparing a composite material consisting of an aluminosilicate matrix reinforced by reinforcements made of metalloid or metal oxide.