A graphene nanoribbon precursor has a structure that is indicated by a predetermined chemical formula. In the chemical formula (1), n.sub.1 is an integer that is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 6; X, Y, and Z are F, Cl, Br, I, H, OH, SH, SO.sub.2H, SO.sub.3H, SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, PO.sub.3H.sub.2, NO, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2, CH.sub.3, CHO, COCH.sub.3, COOH, CONH.sub.2, COCl, CN, CF.sub.3, CCl.sub.3, CBr.sub.3, or CI.sub.3; and when desorption temperatures of X, Y and Z from carbon atoms constituting six-membered rings are respectively T.sub.X, T.sub.Y, and T.sub.Z, a relationship of T.sub.X<T.sub.YT.sub.Z is satisfied.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon fiber composition and a fabrication method for high-performance carbon fiber using the same. The method can fabricate high-performance carbon fiber (or graphite fiber) with lowering a graphitization temperature by using graphene carbon fiber composition including nano-sized graphene.

A method of making an atomic layer nanoribbon that includes forming a double atomic layer ribbon having a first monolayer and a second monolayer on a surface of the first monolayer, wherein the first monolayer and the second monolayer each contains a transition metal dichalcogenide material, oxidizing at least a portion of the first monolayer to provide an oxidized portion, and removing the oxidized portion to provide an atomic layer nanoribbon of the transition metal dichalcogenide material. Also provided are double atomic layer ribbons, double atomic layer nanoribbons, and single atomic layer nanoribbons prepared according to the method.

The present invention relates to a method for producing potassium titanate, and the present invention provides a method for producing potassium titanate which uses anatase-phased titanium dioxide to simplify the process by a hydrothermal method, and thus may improve economical efficiency and productivity, and in which the reaction temperature, the reaction time and the molar ratio of a precursor may be controlled to produce a high-purity potassium titanate whisker having a nano size of an uniform shape.

Disclosed herein are surface-modified membranes and other surface-modified substrates exhibiting switchable oleophobicity and oleophilicity in aqueous media. These membranes and substrates may be used for variety of applications, including controllable oil/water separation processes, oil spill cleanup, and oil/water purification. Also provided are the making and processing of such surface-modified membranes and other surface-modified substrates.

A dielectric composition is a barium titanate-based dielectric composition and includes a barium titanate particle including a major axis, a minor axis disposed on the same plane as the major axis, and a vertical axis perpendicular to both the major axis and the minor axis, and a ratio of a length of the major axis to a length of the vertical axis is within a range from 1.5:1 to 30:1.

New methods of forming chiral nanoparticles (e.g., nano structures) are provided. The method comprises directing circular polarized light (CPL) towards a nanoparticle precursor to cause a photo induced reaction of the nanoparticle precursor and induce chirality to form a stable chiral nanoparticle. In this manner, CPL is used to template chirality onto nanoparticles without use of any chiral component or chiral ligands for inducing chirality to the particle in such a method. The nanoparticles may include a variety of light-absorbing materials (e.g., CdTe, CdS, Au, and the like). Such methods provide a rapid, simple, and inexpensive way of forming chiral nanoparticles that have long term chiral stability.

Electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode is provided. The anode and the cathode independently comprises or consists essentially of a vanadium oxide compound having general formula M.sub.nV.sub.6O.sub.16, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali-metal, and alkaline-earth metal; and n is 1 or 2. Method of preparing a vanadium oxide compound having general formula M.sub.nV.sub.6O.sub.16 is also provided.

Provided is a process for producing prelithiated particles of an anode active material for a lithium battery. The process comprises: (a) providing a lithiating chamber having at least one inlet and at least one outlet; (b) feeding a plurality of particles of an anode active material, lithium metal particles, and an electrolyte solution (containing a lithium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent) into the lithiating chamber through at least one inlet, concurrently or sequentially, to form a reacting mixture; (c) moving this reacting mixture toward the outlet at a rate sufficient for inserting a desired amount of lithium into the anode active material particles to form a slurry of prelithiated particles dispersed in the electrolyte solution; and (d) discharging the slurry out of the lithiating chamber through the at least one outlet.

Provided herein compositions of activated graphene oxide (AGO) and activated reduced graphene oxide (ARGO) and methods of producing thereof. The AGO and ARGO provided herein exhibit high surface areas and conductivities, and the methods herein enable facile production at large scales.