Provided are a cathode active material having a suitable particle size and high uniformity, and a nickel composite hydroxide as a precursor of the cathode active material. When obtaining nickel composite hydroxide by a crystallization reaction, nucleation is performed by controlling a nucleation aqueous solution that includes a metal compound, which includes nickel, and an ammonium ion donor so that the pH value at a standard solution temperature of 25° C. becomes 12.0 to 14.0, after which, particles are grown by controlling a particle growth aqueous solution that includes the formed nuclei so that the pH value at a standard solution temperature of 25° C. becomes 10.5 to 12.0, and so that the pH value is lower than the pH value during nucleation. The crystallization reaction is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at least in a range after the processing time exceeds at least 40% of the total time of the particle growth process from the start of the particle growth process where the oxygen concentration is 1 volume % or less, and with controlling an agitation power requirement per unit volume into a range of 0.5 kW/m.sup.3 to 4 kW/m.sup.3 at least during the nucleation process.

A silver-doped, nano-porous hydroxyapatite material is provided that can be utilized to capture radioactive iodine, .sup.129I. Methods of using the silver-doped, nano-porous hydroxyapatite material to remove radioactive iodine, and methods of manufacturing the material are also provided.

The present invention relates to hollow silica particles, which each includes a shell layer containing silica and a space inside the shell layer, in which the hollow silica particles have a peak intensity derived from SiOH at a wavenumber of around 3,746 cm.sup.−1 of 0.60 or less by infrared spectroscopy, a relative permittivity at 1 GHz of from 1.3 to 5.0 and a dielectric loss tangent at 1 GHz of from 0.0001 to 0.05.

Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles of a nanoparticle scale have beneficial properties for ceramic and electronic uses. Disclosed herein are moderately dispersed Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles having regular morphology and lateral size ranging from about 10 nm to 1 μm. The Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles may exhibit a narrow particle size distribution such that the difference between D.sub.10 and D.sub.90 is about 0.1 μm to 1 μm. Further disclosed are processes of producing these moderately dispersed Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles. These processes do not include grinding to obtain the particles. Also disclosed herein are uses for these Dy.sub.2O.sub.3μ particles.

The present invention comprises, in lithium composite oxide particles, an overlithiated oxide having a layered crystal structure and represented by chemical formula 1 below, and comprises a lithium manganese oxide represented by chemical formula 2 below outside the lithium composite oxide particles, wherein the overlithiated oxide included in the particles and the lithium manganese oxide included outside the particles have different Li/IM values. [Chemical formula 1] rLi.sub.2MnO.sub.3.(1-r)Li.sub.aNi.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zM1.sub.1-(x+y+z)O.sub.2 (wherein, in chemical formula 1, 0<r≤0.6, 0<a≤1, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y<1, 0≤z<1, and 0<x+y+z≤1, and M1 is at least any one selected from Na, K, Mg, Al, Fe, Cr, Y, Sn, Ti, B, P, Zr, Ru, Nb, W, Ba, Sr, La, Ga, Mg, Gd, Sin, Ca, Ce, Fe, Al, Ta, Mo, Se, Zn, Nb, Cu, in, S, B, and Bi) [Chemical formula 2] Li.sub.bMn.sub.pO.sub.q (wherein, in chemical formula 2, 0.1≤b/p≤2.5 and 0<q≤15).

The present invention comprises: an overlithiated layered oxide represented by chemical formula 1 below; and an ion-conductive coating layer on the overlithiated layered oxide represented by chemical formula 1: [chemical formula 1] .sub.rLi.sub.2MnO.sub.3.Math.(1-r)Li.sub.aNi.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zM1.sub.1−(x+y+z)O.sub.2 (in chemical formula 1, 0<r≤0.6, 0<a≤1, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y<1, 0≤z<1, and 0<x+y+z<1, and M1 is at least one selected from among Na, K, Mg, Al, Fe, Cr, Y, Sn, Ti, B, P, Zr, Ru, Nb, W, Ba, Sr, La, Ga, Mg, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Fe, Al, Ta, Mo, Sc, V, Zn, Cu, In, S, B, Ge, Si, and Bi).

Single-phase manganese oxide particles having a wurtzite crystal structure. The particles can be obtained by thermally decomposing a compound containing manganese. In this procedure, a reducing agent consisting of at least one of a polyol-based material and an ethylene glycol stearate-based material is added as an additive to the reaction system. It is heated at a first temperature (200° C. or lower) under a reduced pressure atmosphere, then the temperature is raised, and the product is heated at a temperature higher than the first temperature under an inert gas atmosphere.

A graphite anode material, an anode, a lithium ion battery and preparation methods thereof. The graphite anode material includes a natural graphite core, a carbon coating layer, and a graphitizing filler. The natural graphite core has pores. The graphitizing filler is filled in the pores inside the natural graphite core. The graphitizing filler further forms the carbon coating layer. The preparation method includes: mixing natural graphite with a filler, and then pulverizing to obtain a graphite powder body; and graphitizing the graphite powder body in a protective atmosphere to obtain a graphite anode material. The preparation method reduces material turnover and residual loss, and achieves simple process and high production efficiency. The anode and lithium ion battery prepared have high first efficiency and excellent cycling performance.

Processes for producing supported zinc dimolybdate hydroxide/silica complexes include the steps of reacting a zinc compound (such as zinc oxide) and molybdenum trioxide in an aqueous system to form a reaction mixture, and contacting the reaction mixture with silica to form the supported zinc dimolybdate hydroxide/silica complex. The resulting supported zinc dimolybdate hydroxide/silica complexes contain silica and zinc dimolybdate hydroxide at an amount in a range from 3 to 20 wt. % zinc, and generally, at least 80 wt. % of the zinc dimolybdate hydroxide is present in the form Zn.sub.3Mo.sub.2O.sub.8(OH).sub.2. These supported zinc dimolybdate hydroxide/silica complexes are useful in polymer compositions, such as PVC-based and epoxy-based formulations.

A method of preparing iron oxide nanoparticles using an herbal mixture comprising Capparis spinosa, Cichorium intybus, Solanum nigrum, Cassia occidentalis, Terminalia arjuna, Achillea millefolium, and Tamarix gallica. The method produces crystalline γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 nanoparticles which are superparamagnetic. The iron oxide nanoparticles are used in a method of killing or inhibiting the growth of a bacteria and/or fungus, particularly in the form of a biofilm. The nanoparticles are also used in a method of treating colon cancer.