A titanium oxide powder of the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 5 m.sup.2/g or more and 15 m.sup.2/g or less and contains polyhedral-shaped titanium oxide particles having eight or more faces, in which a mass reduction rate in a case of being heated at 800 C. for 1 hour in an air atmosphere is 0.03% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a hollow octahedral cuprous oxide, which includes the following steps: (1) mixing a copper chloride solution and a sodium hydroxide solution, and then performing a precipitation reaction to obtain a precipitation solution; and (2) mixing the precipitation solution with glucose and ammonium hydroxide, and then reacting to generate the hollow octahedral cuprous oxide. In the present invention, firstly sodium hydroxide and copper chloride are reacted to generate a copper hydroxide precipitate; then glucose is used to reduce copper ions, and ammonium hydroxide is used to produce graded diffusion dissolution action on octahedral particles, such that the octahedral particles are gradually dissolved into hollow structures. It can be seen from the results of the examples that, the method provided by the present invention can prepare hollow octahedral cuprous oxide with an uniform and pure structure.

Titanium oxide particles of the present invention include octahedral-shaped particles, in which each particle of the octahedral-shaped particles has line segments each of which connects two apexes which face each other and has a maximum value of the line segments, an average value of the maximum values is 300 nm or more and 1,000 nm or less, and a value (the average value of the maximum values/BET-converted average particle diameter) obtained by dividing the average value of the maximum values of the line segments by an average particle diameter converted from a BET specific surface area is 1.0 or more and 2.5 or less.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a hollow octahedral cuprous oxide, which includes the following steps: (1) mixing a copper chloride solution and a sodium hydroxide solution, and then performing a precipitation reaction to obtain a precipitation solution; and (2) mixing the precipitation solution with glucose and ammonium hydroxide, and then reacting to generate the hollow octahedral cuprous oxide. In the present invention, firstly sodium hydroxide and copper chloride are reacted to generate a copper hydroxide precipitate; then glucose is used to reduce copper ions, and ammonium hydroxide is used to produce graded diffusion dissolution action on octahedral particles, such that the octahedral particles are gradually dissolved into hollow structures. It can be seen from the results of the examples that, the method provided by the present invention can prepare hollow octahedral cuprous oxide with an uniform and pure structure.

Positive electrode active material particle powder includes lithium manganese oxide particle powder having Li and Mn as main components and a cubic spinel structure with an Fd-3m space group. The lithium manganese oxide particle powder is composed of secondary particles, which are aggregates of primary particles, an average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary particles being from 4 m to 20 m, and at least 80% of the primary particles exposed on surfaces of the secondary particles each have a polyhedral shape in which each (111) plane thereof is adjacent to at least one (100) plane thereof.

Disclosed are system and methods for manufacturing a solid-state electrolyte to be used in an electrochemical cell. The method can include forming a solid-state electrolyte from a material having a compositional property and a structural property, the material having been selected by: (i) providing material properties of a material, wherein the material properties comprise both compositional and structural information; (ii) calculating a first distortion parameter of a material, wherein the first distortion parameter represents the degree of lattice distortion of the material; (iii) determining an estimated ionic mobility value of the material using the one or more distortion parameters; (iv) varying the provided material properties using isovalent substitution and determining a second ionic mobility value from a second distortion parameter by repeating steps (i)-(iii); and (v) comparing the first and second ionic mobility values to select the superior material derivative.

Positive electrode active material particle powder includes: lithium manganese oxide particle powder having Li and Mn as main components and a cubic spinel structure with an Fd-3m space group. The lithium manganese oxide particle powder is composed of secondary particles, which are aggregates of primary particles, an average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary particles being from 4 m to 20 m, and at least 80% of the primary particles exposed on surfaces of the secondary particles each have a polyhedral shape having at least one plane that is adjacent to two planes.

The present invention provides a composition for antifreezing including a gold (Au) nanostructure in which at least a portion thereof is concave, thereby it is possible to increase a survival rate of cells due to having excellent effect of inhibiting ice recrystallization when cryopreservation of the cells, and maintain a texture of food even when using in the freezing of food.

A thermal method of forming ferric oxide nano/microparticles with predominant morphology is described using different solvents. Methods of using the Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nano/microparticles as catalysts in the reduction of nitro compounds with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines and decomposition of ammonium salts.

Positive electrode active material particle powder includes: lithium manganese oxide particle powder having Li and Mn as main components and a cubic spinel structure with an Fd-3m space group. The lithium manganese oxide particle powder is composed of secondary particles, which are aggregates of primary particles, an average particle diameter (D50 ) of the secondary particles being from 4 m to 20 m, and at least 80% of the primary particles exposed on surfaces of the secondary particles each have a polyhedral shape having at least one (110) plane that is adjacent to two (111) planes.