A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries includes a lithium composite metal compound containing secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles which are capable of being doped or dedoped with lithium ions and satisfies all of specific requirements (1) to (4).

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to lithium-ion batteries. In one aspect, a method includes synthesizing an intermediate selected from a group of a nickel-manganese-cobalt nitrate, a nickel-manganese-cobalt acetate, a nickel-manganese-cobalt sulfate, a nickel-manganese-cobalt chloride, and a nickel-manganese-cobalt phosphate. The intermediate is mixed with a lithium salt selected from a group of LiOH, LiCl, LiNO.sub.3, LiSO.sub.4, LiF, LiBr, Li.sub.3PO.sub.4, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, and combinations thereof to form a mixture. The mixture is annealed at a sequence of temperatures and times to form a plurality of single crystals of a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, with no cooling of the mixture between operations of the sequence of temperatures and times.

A ceramic powder material containing a garnet-type compound containing Li, wherein the ceramic powder material has a pore volume of 0.4 mL/g or more and 1.0 mL/g or less.

A zirconia powder containing a stabilizer, and having a specific surface area of 20 m.sup.2/g or more and 60 m.sup.2/g or less and a particle diameter D.sub.50 of 0.1 μm or more and 0.7 μm or less, in which in a range of 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less in a pore distribution based on a mercury intrusion method, a peak top diameter in a pore volume distribution is 20 nm or more and 85 nm or less, a pore volume is 0.2 ml/g or more and less than 0.5 ml/g, and a pore distribution width is 40 nm or more and 105 nm or less.

Disclosed are novel precursor particles for preparing a cathode active material including transition metal precursor particles containing one or more transition metals, and one or more of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, wherein the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal are contained in one or more of inner and outer parts of the transition metal precursor particles, and a novel precursor powder including the novel precursor particles.

The positive electrode active material is capable of reducing positive electrode resistance, exhibiting better output characteristics, and having high mechanical strength when the positive electrode active material is used in a lithium ion secondary battery. Secondary particles have a d50 of 3.0 to 7.0 μm, a BET specific surface area of 2.0 to 5.0 m.sup.2/g, a tap density of 1.0 to 2.0 g/cm.sup.3, and an oil absorption amount of 30 to 60 ml/100 g. In each of a plurality of primary particles having a primary particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 μm, a coefficient of variation of the concentration of an additive element M is 1.5 or less. The volume of a linking section between the primary particles per primary particle, obtained from the total volume of the linking section and the number of primary particles constituting the secondary particles, is 5×10.sup.5 to 9×10.sup.7 nm.sup.3.

An iron-containing Chevrel phase material, contains iron and Mo.sub.6S.sub.8 clusters, in particular an iron-containing Chevrel phase material having a formula Fe.sub.xMo.sub.6S.sub.8, wherein 2≤x≤4. The iron-containing Chevrel phase provides an efficient catalyst for the electrochemical production of ammonia from water and nitrogen gas.

A positive electrode active material that can achieve high thermal stability at low cost is provided.

Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, the positive electrode active material containing a lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide, in which metal elements constituting the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide include lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), and optionally zirconium (Zr), an amount of substance ratio of the elements is represented as Li:Ni:Mn:Co:Zr:Ti:Nb=a:b:c:d:e:f:g (provided that, 0.97≤a≤1.10, 0.80≤b≤0.88, 0.04≤c≤0.12, 0.04≤d≤0.10, 0≤e≤0.004, 0.003<f≤0.030, 0.001<g≤0.006, and b+c+d+e+f+g=1), and in the amount of substance ratio, (f+g)≤0.030 and f>g are satisfied.

The present disclosure provides nanostructure compositions and methods of producing nanostructure compositions. The nanostructure compositions comprise at least one population of nanostructures, at least one reactive diluent, at least one anaerobic stabilizer, and optionally at least one organic resin. The present disclosure also provides nanostructure films comprising a nanostructure layer and methods of making nanostructure films.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material having improved electrical characteristics by adjusting an aspect ratio gradient of primary particles included in a secondary particle, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode.