A method of forming an active material for a positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery includes quenching a powder of the active material in water. The active material may include layered lithium rich nickel manganese oxide.

Disclosed herein are graphene coatings characterized by a porous, three-dimensional, spherical structure having a hollow core, along with methods for forming such graphene coatings on glasses, glass-ceramics, ceramics, and crystalline materials. Such coatings can be further coated with organic or inorganic layers and are useful in chemical and electronic applications.

A sulfide solid electrolyte, which is able to adjust the morphology unavailable traditionally, or is readily adjusted so as to have a desired morphology, the sulfide solid electrolyte having a volume-based average particle diameter measured by laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement of 3 μm or more and a specific surface area measured by the BET method of 20 m.sup.2/g or more; and a method of treating a sulfide solid electrolyte including the sulfide solid electrolyte being subjected to at least one mechanical treatment selected from disintegration and granulation.

Surface-modified zinc oxide particles which have a silane coupling agent having an alkoxy group on surfaces thereof, in which d50 when measured with a laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution-measuring instrument by the following measurement method is 4 μm or less. (Measurement method) 10 g of the surface-modified zinc oxide particles, 88 g of cyclopentasiloxane, and 2 g of polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone are mixed to obtain a liquid mixture, a dispersion treatment is performed on the obtained liquid mixture at 9,500 rpm for 5 minutes using a homogenizer to obtain a liquid dispersion, the liquid dispersion is diluted with cyclopentasiloxane so that a content of the surface-modified zinc oxide particles in the obtained liquid dispersion is 0.01% by mass to produce a measurement solution, and d50 is measured with the laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution-measuring instrument using the obtained measurement solution.

A positive electrode material includes a first lithium manganese iron phosphate material in an aggregate form, a second and third lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in an aggregate and/or single-crystal-like form, and a fourth and fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in a single-crystal-like form. A particle quantity ratio of the first to fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials is (0.8 to 1.2):(0.8 to 1.2):(1.6 to 2.4):(6.4 to 9.6):(6.4 to 9.6), and particle size D.sub.50 relationships satisfy: D.sub.50.sup.5<D.sub.50.sup.4<D.sub.50.sup.3<D.sub.50.sup.2<D.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.2=aD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.3=bD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.4=cD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.5=dD.sub.50.sup.1, and 5 μm≤D.sub.50.sup.1≤15 μm, where 0.35≤a≤0.5, 0.2≤b≤0.27, 0.17≤c≤0.18, and 0.15≤d≤0.16.

A process for producing a particulate TiO.sub.2 includes supplementing metatitanic acid with an alkali compound in a quantity of 1200 ppm to 2400 ppm of alkali, with a phosphorus compound in a quantity of 0.1 wt.-% to 0.3 wt.-% by weight of P, expressed as phosphorus, and with an aluminum compound in a quantity of 1 ppm to 1000 ppm of Al, expressed as Al, to obtain a mixture. The quantity of the alkali compound, of the phosphorus compound, and of the aluminum compound are with respect to the TiO.sub.2 content. The mixture is calcined at a constant temperature of 940° C. to 1020° C. until a numerical fraction X.sub.50 of TiO.sub.2 has a primary crystallite size of at least 200 nm, to obtain a calcined mixture. The calcined mixture is cooled to obtain a cooled calcined mixture. The cooled calcined mixture is grinded to obtain the particulate TiO.sub.2.

Particles with suitable properties may be generated using systems and methods provided herein. The particles may include carbon particles.

The present invention concerns new lithium rare earth halides that may be used as solid electrolytes or in electrochemical devices. The invention also refers to wet and dry processes for the synthesis of such lithium rare earth halides and lithium rare earth halides susceptible to be obtained by these processes.

The invention relates to a mixed oxide composed of zirconium, cerium, lanthanum and at least one rare earth oxide other than cerium and lanthanum, having a specific porosity and a high specific surface area; to the method for preparing same and to the use thereof in catalysis.

Disclosed herein are graphene coatings characterized by a porous, three-dimensional, spherical structure having a hollow core, along with methods for forming such graphene coatings on glasses, glass-ceramics, ceramics, and crystalline materials. Such coatings can be further coated with organic or inorganic layers and are useful in chemical and electronic applications.