In a system and process, sludge is treated by two stages of anaerobic digestion in series separated by intermediate thickening and hydrolysis. The hydrolysis product is transferred to the second digester essentially without dilution.

The invention relates to a continuously operational method for thermal hydrolysis of organic matter, which includes an impelling step in which the organic matter is conveyed, without the need to use pumps or other mechanical elements, a hydrolysis step in which the mass to be hydrolyzed is heated using live steam until reaching high temperatures in very short times and, after undergoing a first breakdown of the structure, is maintained at the hydrolysis temperature during a predetermined time, and an energy recovery step with vapors of two enthalpy levels. The invention also relates to a facility for implementing the method, which includes interconnected load and pressurization tanks in the impelling step, a quick mixer and a relief chamber in the hydrolysis step, and a decompression system with a flash chamber and an ejector that mixes the produced vapors in the recovery step.

The invention relates to a continuously operational method for thermal hydrolysis of organic matter, which includes an impelling step in which the organic matter is conveyed, without the need to use pumps or other mechanical elements, a hydrolysis step in which the mass to be hydrolysed is heated using live steam until reaching high temperatures in very short times and, after undergoing a first breakdown of the structure, is maintained at the hydrolysis temperature during a predetermined time, and an energy recovery step with vapours of two enthalpy levels. The invention also relates to a facility for implementing the method, which includes interconnected load and pressurisation tanks in the impelling step, a quick mixer and a relief chamber in the hydrolysis step, and a decompression system with a flash chamber and an ejector that mixes the produced vapours in the recovery step.

A waste treatment process and system is described, which finds application in dechlorinating carbohydrates and/or hydrolyzing dimethyl formamide and/or dimethyl formamide in a waste stream. The process includes treating the waste stream with base at a pH of from 11 to 14, and at a temperature of from 200 to 330 F.

A kitchen waste wastewater treatment equipment includes a reaction kettle, a discharging mechanism and a pressurizing mechanism. In the process of high-temperature and high-pressure thermal hydrolysis of wastewater in the present disclosure, the pressurizing disk in the pressurizing mechanism continuously moves downwards in a vacuum state in the reaction kettle, reducing the volume in the reaction kettle and thus increasing the pressure. The secondary pressurization of wastewater is achieved while using heating for high-temperature and high-pressure, and the high-temperature and high-pressure environment greatly improves the reaction rate of thermal hydrolysis. The thermal hydrolysis reaction also generates gas for further pressurization, which greatly improves the treatment efficiency of wastewater. Moreover, the pressurizing mechanism and the exhaust annular groove can separate the gas generated after thermal hydrolysis.

A salt separator separates salts and/or solid materials from a pumpable aqueous fluid mixture under process conditions, which lie in the range of the critical point for the fluid mixture. The salt separator contains a reaction zone in a cavity for transforming the pumpable aqueous fluid mixture into a raw mixture, e.g. a methanation reaction, and a feed opening for the pumpable aqueous fluid mixture to the cavity. The feed opening is realized in a rising pipe that protrudes into the cavity. A first extraction opening is provided for the raw mixture freed of salts and/or solid materials. The first extraction opening is arranged in the upper region of the cavity and a second extraction opening is provided for a brine containing the salt and/or the solid materials. The second extraction opening is arranged in the lower region of the cavity and is located lower down than the feed opening.

The invention relates to a facility for treatment of an aqueous effluent by hydrothermal oxidation, which comprises: a reactor comprising a tube in which the aqueous effluent to be treated flows, the tube of the reactor having a plurality of bends formed by oxidant-injection devices, each oxidant-injection device comprising: a reactor part (32) forming an effluent-circulation channel (35) bent at an angle in which a flow of aqueous effluent can circulate, and an injector part (33) comprising a first opening (49) suitable for being connected to a source of oxidant located outside the effluent-circulation channel (35) and a second opening (50) located in the effluent-circulation channel (35), and a source of oxidant connected to the injector part so as to inject the pressurised oxidant into the flow of aqueous effluent to be treated.

A PFA removal system includes a torch reaction zone and an organic compound stream, the organic compound stream injected into the torch reaction zone. The PFA removal system also includes a hydrogen stream, the hydrogen stream injected into the torch reaction zone and an oxygen stream, the oxygen stream injected into the torch reaction zone. In addition, the PFA removal system includes a hot waste stream injected into the torch reaction zone and a flue gas stream, the flue gas stream discharged from the torch reaction zone.

Aqueous wastewater from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) systems is typically high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), which renders classic aerobic wastewater treatment to be prohibitively expensive. HTL wastewater can be processed using thermochemical wet oxidation in a manner that is not only cost efficient but also contributes more heat than is required for the energetically demanding HTL process. Provided are methods and devices for integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass and treatment of resulting wastewater.

The present invention provides a device for controlling steam explosion of biomass having a dry solids content above 1%, a VS content of above 20%, and including abrasive material, in a pressure relief vessel, which includes one or more blowdown conduits having at their outlets an adjustable open area for regulating the blowdown discharge rate. The adjustable open area of each of the one or more blowdown conduits are constructed in such a way that expansion/spray due to flashing takes place either inside the pressure relief vessel itself or in an additional inlet device through which the discharged biomass is directed from the adjustable open area and into the pressure relief vessel and which either have a large enough dimension to avoid the discharged biomass hitting essential parts of the construction or is made from a highly resistant/durable material.