The present invention provides a method of enhancing continuous directional high-value biological conversion of an urban wet garbage open system. The method includes wet garbage crushing, low-energy consumption hydrolysis, continuous conversion of organic components of wet garbage into short-chain fatty acid, continuous directional conversion of other components of short-chain fatty acid into acetic acid, separation and microbial reflux of acetic acid, and the like. In this method, by crushing wet garbage, performing low-energy consumption hydrolysis, and seeding acclimatized activated sludge, two stages of anaerobic fermentations are carried out to firstly convert organic components of the wet garbage continuously into short-chain fatty acid, and then continuously and directionally convert other components of short-chain fatty acid into acetic acid, so as to realize continuous directional high-value biological conversion of the urban wet garbage in an open system without adding pure microbes and a large amount of chemicals.

A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat-driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.

A method of degrading 1,4-dioxane in the wastewater produced during the manufacture of alkyl ether sulfates is disclosed. The method includes the steps of (a) mixing from 100 to 10,000 ppm, preferably 1,000 to 4,000 ppm of ozone with the wastewater; (b) introducing H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the wastewater in an amount of 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 molar equivalents of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to ozone, and (c) mixing the ozone, H.sub.2O.sub.2, and wastewater to generate hydroxyl radicals reactive with the 1,4-dioxane, without the addition of a metal catalyst. The hydroxyl radicals react with the 1,4-dioxane and degrade it into carbon dioxide, water and/or carbonate. The method is effective to reduce a concentration of 1,4-dioxane in the wastewater from a range of about 10 ppm to about 1000 ppm of dioxane down to less than 5 ppb of 1,4-dioxane after treatment. The method is also effective for removing hydrocarbon species that may be present in the wastewater.

A device for treatment of organic waste includes a heating unit, a hydrolysis tank, a regulating tank, an aerobic fermentation reactor, an organic waste feeder, an aerobe feeder, a delivery mechanism, a deodorization unit, and an air distributor. The hydrolysis tank is connected to the regulating tank, and the regulating tank is connected to the aerobic fermentation reactor. The delivery mechanism is disposed between the regulating tank and the aerobic fermentation reactor. The heating unit is connected to the hydrolysis tank and is configured to heat an organic material in the hydrolysis tank. The organic waste feeder and the aerobe feeder are connected to the regulating tank. The deodorization unit is disposed on and connected to the aerobic fermentation reactor. The air distributor is disposed in the aerobic fermentation reactor and is configured to provide oxygen to the aerobic fermentation reactor.

The present invention provides a device for controlling steam explosion of biomass having a dry solids content above 1%, a VS content of above 20%, and including abrasive material, in a pressure relief vessel, which includes one or more blowdown conduits having at their outlets an adjustable open area for regulating the blowdown discharge rate. The adjustable open area of each of the one or more blowdown conduits are constructed in such a way that expansion/spray due to flashing takes place either inside the pressure relief vessel itself or in an additional inlet device through which the discharged biomass is directed from the adjustable open area and into the pressure relief vessel and which either have a large enough dimension to avoid the discharged biomass hitting essential parts of the construction or is made from a highly resistant/durable material.

A method for purifying an aqueous mixture is provided. The method can include at least partially crystallizing an aqueous mixture derived from a hydrocarbon process to provide a crystallized aqueous mixture. The aqueous mixture can comprise water and one or more contaminants to be separated from the water. The crystallized aqueous mixture can be separated into a contaminant-rich fraction and a water-rich fraction. Water can be recovered from the water-rich fraction and the one or more contaminants can be recovered from the contaminant-rich fraction.

The disclosure pertains to a urea production process using a first and a downstream second evaporator in an evaporation section, a finishing section and a scrubber for treating off-gas of the finishing section. Condensate from the condenser of the second evaporator is supplied to the scrubber.

There are provided systems and processes that provide a robust α-alumina supported catalyst for the wet air oxidation or hydrolysis treatment of wastewaters having a pH of 9 or greater.

Disclosed is a device for treating high-concentration organic wastewater by catalyst hydrothermal gasification, including a CHG reactor, a temporary wastewater storage tank and a condensing heat exchanger which are sequentially in loop connection. The CHG reactor includes a shell, a thermocouple, a water distribution device, and a packing support. The device of the present disclosure can quickly convert the high-concentration organic wastewater into clean energy or harmless gas at a low temperature under the action of a catalyst, so that the energy consumption of a treatment process is greatly reduced, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The device has potential application prospect.

A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat-driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.