A method of purifying brackish water includes mixing brackish water with a nucleating agent, forming nucleated liquid water and distributing droplets of the nucleated liquid water inside a vacuum chamber, vacuum freezing the droplets of the nucleated liquid water in the vacuum chamber. The method further includes the droplets forming pure water vapor, nucleated ice, and remaining brackish water, mixing and liquifying the pure water vapor and the nucleated ice, forming a mixture of purified liquid water and the nucleating agent. The method further includes separating the mixture of purified liquid water and the nucleating agent, forming purified liquid water and the nucleating agent.

Disclosed herein is a method for recovering water from a salt solution. The method can include mixing the salt solution with a salting out solution that includes at least one enolizable ketone and at least one alcohol. The salting out solution can absorb the water from the salt solution and the water can be released using a regenerant solution. A base solution can also be added to fully regenerate the salting out solution so that it can be reused.

Disclosed is a method for treating water, including the extraction of at least two ionic species, the ionic species including an anionic species and a cationic species and being present in the water to be treated, the method especially including a step of mixing a liquid hydrophobic organic phase and the water to be treated, the water to be treated being in the liquid state, in order to subsequently obtain liquid treated water and a hydrophobic liquid organic phase loaded with the ionic species, and a step of thermal regeneration of the organic phase loaded with chemical species. Also disclosed are compounds and compositions that can be used in the method.

A technique to desalinate seawater using melanin-concentrated solar energy wherein the melanin is extracted from a local isolate Aspergillus niger. A device consists of two fixed upper and lower containers with same volume of seawater in both, with or without melanin powder dissolved in the lower container at rate of 0.17 gm of melanin powder per 10 ml of water. The device is put outdoors under direct sunlight during daytime, circular water droplets free of salt starts to appear on the external bottom of upper container. Water droplets are collected by a sterile glass rod, pH of droplets water is about 7.1. Yield of fresh water is approximately 10 ml droplets water from 600 ml seawater per hour; after 24 hours day and night incubation, seawater in the upper container dries out leaving salt crystals. Yield of 1000 m3 seawater is 100 m3 freshwater (1000 L seawater yield 100 L freshwater).

The present invention relates to a salt recovery solution and to a process for separating a salt from an aqueous solution. The present disclosure also relates to a salt recovery solution and to its use to concentrate a salt or brine solution by recovering water therefrom. The salt recovery solution suitable for recovering a salt from an aqueous solution comprises at least one tertiary amine containing compound; and at least one enolisable carbonyl.

The invention relates to a device for drawing off liquid salt, particularly for facilities for purifying wastewater, said device comprising a heating chamber. The heating chamber comprises an inlet for introducing a salt-containing substance and is connected to an outlet for a salt melt. The outlet comprises an outlet channel and an outlet channel end, a cooling region for cooling the salt melt being provided downstream of the outlet channel end. The outlet channel is peripherally surrounded by an outlet wall at least along a section, the outlet comprising a heating element.

Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.

The disclosure provides an electromagnetic ionic liquid, which consists of ammonia water, diluent, EWT electronic water and macromolecular complex. The four components are mixed evenly at normal temperature and pressure in a certain proportion to prepare the electromagnetic ionic liquid. The electromagnetic ionic liquid can be used for extracting struvite from seawater, salt water or brine, which improves quality of the struvite, facilitates its industrial production and improves yield of struvite products. In addition, with the electromagnetic ionic liquid, elements required for crop growth and dozens of types of trace elements can be captured in the precipitate, which has great social and economic value for mass production, popularization and application of the struvite.

Systems and methods of performing temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE) descaling of produced water and desalination of high-salinity brines, e.g., those having a total dissolved solids (TDS) greater than about 250,000 ppm are capable of producing descaled water products including less than about 5% weight percent TDS. The brine/produced water feedstreams and combined with a solvent having temperature-dependent water solubility at a temperature T.sub.L. Water is extracted from the feedstream into the solvent to form a water-in-solvent extract component and a raffinate component, from which a solid phase can be precipitated as more water is portioned in the solvent and basicity increases. Heating of the water-in-solvent extract component reduces the solubility of the water therein, producing a biphasic mixture of dewatered solvent and descaled water that can be separated. Because these systems and methods do not require a phase change of water, these products are achieved with significantly higher energy efficiencies when compared to evaporation-based thermal methods.

Systems and methods of performing temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE) descaling of produced water and desalination of high-salinity brines, e.g., those having a total dissolved solids (TDS) greater than about 250,000 ppm are capable of producing descaled water products including less than about 5% weight percent TDS. The brine/produced water feedstreams and combined with a solvent having temperature-dependent water solubility at a temperature T.sub.L. Water is extracted from the feedstream into the solvent to form a water-in-solvent extract component and a raffinate component, from which a solid phase can be precipitated as more water is portioned in the solvent and basicity increases. Heating of the water-in-solvent extract component reduces the solubility of the water therein, producing a biphasic mixture of dewatered solvent and descaled water that can be separated. Because these systems and methods do not require a phase change of water, these products are achieved with significantly higher energy efficiencies when compared to evaporation-based thermal methods.