A wastewater management system includes a series of holding tanks in combination with a membrane bioreactor treatment subsystem connected to one or more autoclaves and/or sonolysis units and thermal evaporators to treat liquid discharge from the system. A condenser connected to the thermal evaporator(s) condenses water vapor created by the thermal evaporator(s) into its liquid state for delivery to, and assimilation by, plants in a dedicated greenhouse or hydroponic system or for reuse in a building. CO.sub.2 and water vapor produced by combustion of a thermal evaporator fuel source is sent through the condenser to add to the liquid water recovery. The CO.sub.2 is flowed into the greenhouse(s) for carbon fixation by plants. A CO.sub.2 monitoring system ensures the concentration of CO.sub.2 in the greenhouse is maintained at an acceptable level for humans. Ozonation, UV and/or chloride treatments may be used as optional water purification treatments in the system.

A water treatment apparatus that includes a weir with an upstream wall, a downstream wall, side walls, a base and a top opening. Located inside the weir is a chamber. Formed on the upstream wall is an influent port hole that allows water flowing against the upstream wall to flow into the chamber. Formed on the downstream wall is an effluent port hole that allows water to exit the chamber. Located inside the chamber is water treatment equipment. When the weir is placed in a waterway with the upstream wall facing upstream and the influent port hole is at least partially submerged, water flows into the influent port hole and into the chamber and undergoes treatment by the water treatment equipment. The water then flows against the inside surface of the downstream wall and exits the weir through the effluent port hole and returns to the waterway downstream.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Methods for treating water comprising dissolved solids in a wellbore include injecting water into a wellbore, where the wellbore has a depth that is sufficient for introducing a hydrostatic pressure that imparts supercritical pressure to water present at a water depth greater than or equal to the minimum depth needed to impart water supercritical pressure. A heating element is inserted into the wellbore to a heating element depth that is greater than or equal to the required depth. Power is transmitted to the heating element causing the heating element to heat water to a temperature sufficient to form supercritical water that causes the dissolved solids to precipitate out of the water as precipitated solids. Water and the precipitated solids are separated and extracted. The heating element includes a microwave antenna and a shell encapsulating the microwave antenna formed from a material that is capable of heating upon exposure to microwave radiation.

The present disclosure discloses a microwave flash evaporation process and apparatus and uses thereof. A microwave flash evaporation process, wherein the process makes integration of those technologies for liquid spraying, liquid droplet flash evaporation, microwave enhancement, vacuum steam discharge, and simulation and optimization of multi-mode resonant cavity, wherein through the coupling effect of the microwave, by means of one stage microwave flash evaporation, the effect normally achieved by multi-effect evaporation and flash evaporation is obtained and a liquid droplet micro-system with microwave energy transfer in situ is formed so as to prevent a circulation pump and a steam heat exchange system from being corroded under high temperature and high pressure, and prevent scaling on a heat exchanger, and improve evaporation efficiency. The present disclosure makes integration of those technologies for liquid spraying, liquid droplet flash evaporation, microwave enhancement, vacuum steam discharge, and simulation and optimization of multi-mode resonant cavity, and can be used for performing the processes of effluent disposal, seawater desalination, evaporation concentration of spent liquor of Bayer process, concentration crystallization of chemical production, sterilization of solution, unoil of solution, the rectification separation for various organic mixed solutions, sterilization, unoil and dehydration of solid powder. There is a prospect for this new process of the present disclosure with short technological process to upgrade the evaporation process.

A plasma treatment apparatus which performs uniform plasma treatment on a liquid. A plasma treatment apparatus includes a coaxial waveguide having an inner conductor, a first outer conductor, and a second outer conductor; a microwave generation unit; an outside tube which is located on the outer side of the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor and which in cooperation with the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor forms a flow path through which a liquid flows; and a plasma generation region. A first protrusion of the first outer conductor and a second protrusion of the second outer conductor face each other in a non-contacting state. The plasma generation region is a region extending along a facing location where the first protrusion of the first outer conductor and the second protrusion of the second outer conductor face each other.

A novel fluid filtration system that exhibits antifouling properties against a variety of potential foulants includes at least one filtration membrane placed in a cross-flow filtration module. The module is subjected to microwave irradiation at a certain power or intensity over a controlled time interval. At least one microwave generator produces microwaves and may be fixed or movable to treat the fluid. Dislodged foulants are removed by the microwave electromagnetic energy from the filtration membrane and carried away in a cross-flow stream and wasted or recycled back to a feed solution container. The filtration system may use different filtration configurations such as, but not limited to, flat sheet, hollow fiber, spiral wound and tubular membranes. The filtration membrane materials may be polymeric, ceramic, and combinations. The functionalized membranes can be such as, but not limited to, membranes coated or blended or cross-linked with materials displaying strong microwave absorption; and combinations.

A water treatment system including a filter compartment having a filter material adapted for removing at least one of neutrons and alpha particles from water. The filter material may comprise at least one of paraffin, cadmium, and bismuth. The filter compartment can also have a second filter material adapted for removing at least one of chloride ions and transmuted chlorine ions from the water. The second filter material may comprise at least one of coconut carbon, silicon dioxide, and ionized sand. The system can further include a container downstream of the filter compartment, the container having paraffin therein. Additionally, the system can include an absorptive manifold designed for absorbing hydrogen ions and reducing the pH of the water. A method for treating contaminated water using the water treatment system is also provided.

A water treatment system including a filter, an aerator, a hydrogen absorption manifold, a first treatment container, a second treatment container, a magnetron, a boiler, a superheater, a fractional distillation separator and a condenser. The filter is adapted for removing chloride ions and transmutated chlorine ions, while the hydrogen absorptive manifold is designed for absorbing hydrogen ions and reducing the pH of the water. The magnetron alters the spin of an electron in an outer shell of an atom contained in the water so that a solution added to the water coats selective elements causing them to precipitate from the water. The boiler and superheater may be utilized to convert the water to a superheated steam, while the fractional distillation separator is adapted for condensing and separating elements, including radioactive elements, from the superheated steam. A method for treating contaminated water using the water treatment system is also provided.

A method of continuous hydrothermal carbonization of sludge containing organic matter, involving a stage of hydrothermal reaction carried out in a reactor (4), includes: a step of introduction of sludge in which the sludge is introduced into the reactor (4) by a first inlet (11), a step of endogenous injection of steam in which steam is injected into the reactor (4) by a second inlet (15) distinct from the first inlet (11), a step of extraction in which at least a portion of the sludge contained in the reactor (4) is extracted continuously by a sludge outlet (16), a step of preheating in which the temperature of the sludge is raised prior to its introduction into the reactor (4) up to a temperature of preheating greater than 70 C. Also disclosed is a device making it possible to carry out such a method.