A method for producing an ionized water product for coffee comprises the steps of introducing source water to an ionization system, passing the source water through one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more ionic species are introduced into the source water, and combining products of one or more reaction vessels to produce the ionized water product having between about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm magnesium ions, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm calcium ions, and about 40 ppm to about 90 ppm total of bicarbonate and carbonate ions.

A high salinity water purification system and process, including a forward osmosis system and a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system. A concentrated brine of a zinc or iron complex combined with a salt or acid draws pure water across the FO membrane from the influent water. The diluted brine is pumped through a vessel holding an anionic adsorption media to remove the zinc or iron complex and the resultant brine is passed through the RO or nanofiltration system to obtain purified water and a concentrated brine stream. The adsorption media is regenerated by a rinse cycle using fresh water or water from the RO system, removing the zinc or iron complex adhered to the media. The resultant brine is stored and mixed with the output of the RO system.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerate solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

A composition, process and apparatuses for removal of one or more contaminant anions from water are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes treating the water with a composition comprising a layered metal hydroxy salt, wherein the layered metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) a metal (b) a framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion.

In view of the current pollution to sewage by nitrate nitrogen, the present invention discloses a method for promoting denitrification to remove nitrate nitrogen in water by magnetic resins. In the method disclosed by the present invention, magnetic anion exchange resins are in contact with and mixed with sewage, and nitrate nitrogen in the sewage is removed quickly and efficiently by both the ion exchange between the magnetic anion exchange resins and the nitrate nitrogen in the sewage and the denitrification enhanced by the magnetic material. Meanwhile, the regeneration and recycle of the magnetic anion exchange resins are realized by the denitrification of microorganisms.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroallcyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

An electrolytic water softener which comprises a container, at least one cathode and at least one anode extending into the container, a power supply operatively connected to the cathode and anode, a vibrating device to vibrate the cathode, and a system for collecting material released from the cathode after operation of the vibration device.

A drop-in treatment apparatus and system for PFAS-impacted liquids. The drop-in treatment apparatus and system may comprise one or more cartridges having a plurality openings; one or more mesh containers disposed within the one or more cartridges; one or more tethers; a submersible pump coupled to the cartridges via the tethers; and a power source electrically coupled to the submersible pump. The drop-in treatment apparatus may further comprise a plurality of prescribed masses of sorbent or resin filled within the mesh containers, such that the prescribed masses of sorbent or resin are disposed within the cartridges. The prescribed masses of sorbent or resin may be configured to remove PFAS compounds from a liquid and may be in the range of 0.1-50,000 milligrams per milliliter of liquid volume to be treated. The sorbent may be pyrogenic carbon, granular activated carbon, biochar, zeolite, aluminosilicates, and combinations thereof.

A process is described for treating water, in particular for obtaining ultrapure water, in which a decationized water stream is passed at least through a first strong base anion exchange bed and a second strong base anion exchange bed, which is arranged downstream, in particular directly downstream, of the first strong base anion exchange bed. Furthermore, a water treatment system and a counter-current ion exchange unit for carrying out such a process are described.

The present invention discloses a beverage dispenser, including: an inlet connected to a water source; an outlet for dispensing the water to a user vessel; at least one filter element having an input and an output for filtered water; a pump for pumping water to the input of the filter element; a flow sensor connected between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the flow sensor determines the actual flow rate of the water; at least one water preparation element connected between the output for outputting filtered water and the outlet and adapted to prepare the water for drinking by a human, wherein the water preparation element comprises a water preparation rate input by which the water preparation rate of the water preparation element can be controlled; and a controller connected to the water preparation rate input of the water preparation element and the flow sensor, wherein the controller controls the water preparation rate of the water preparation element by a signal to the water preparation rate input such that the water preparation rate is proportional to the actual flow rate.