A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin and a preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: adding a chloromethylated cross-linked polystyrene (PS) resin, trimethylamine hydrochloride, and a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution successively to a reactor for a reaction under stirring at 30° C. to 40° C.; filtering a resulting reaction solution, followed by washing and drying to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin; adding the quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin, 1,2-dichloroethane, silver sulfate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and fuming sulfuric acid successively for a reaction for 1 hour at 50° C. to 60° C., a reaction for 1 hour at 70° C. to 80° C., and a reaction for 5 hours at 115° C. to 125° C.; and cooling a resulting reaction solution to room temperature, followed by diluting, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

Refilling device for a hydronic heating system, having a monolithic housing providing an inlet port, an outlet port, a middle section providing a flow channel for water extending between the inlet port and the outlet port and a connection socket for a softening and/or demineralization cartridge, having an inlet shut-off-valve accommodated within said monolithic housing downstream of said inlet port, having an automatically actuated outlet shut-off-valve accommodated within said monolithic housing upstream of said outlet port, having a system separator with backflow preventers, a conductivity or TDS sensor and a flow meter accommodated within said monolithic housing, and having a controller mounted to said monolithic housing, wherein the controller receives signals from the conductivity or TDS sensor and from the flow meter, wherein the controller processes said signals received from said sensors to automatically control the operation of the refilling device.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

A hair perm forming method using electrolyzed water multiple times or for a predetermined period of time or more was revealed to have effects that cause very little damage to the hair to enable repeated treatments, enable perming of damaged hair and blonde hair compared with existing methods, show oxidative power higher than that of hydrogen peroxide, cause less hair damage, suppress dandruff bacteria, and significantly decrease the elution of dyes after perming. Therefore, the hair perm forming method can be advantageously used to effectively form a perm without harm to the human body. In addition, the washing of dyed and permed hair, dyed hair, and bleached hair with electrolyzed water, compared with washing with distilled water, has advantages in that the tensile strength of hair is maintained and the dye loss from the dyed hair is less.

Provided herein are processes for recovering lithium ions from a brine source. The process can comprises increasing the pH of a brine source comprising lithium ions to at least about 5.5; contacting the pH-elevated brine source with a bed of protonated ion exchange media to produce a lithiated ion exchange media and a lithium-depleted brine stream; contacting the lithiated ion exchange media with an acidic aqueous wash liquid; and contacting the washed lithiated ion exchange media with an elution liquid comprising an acid. Also provided herein is a process for increasing the pH of brine comprising obtaining brine from a brine source comprising lithium ions; adding the brine to a continuously stirred tank reactor without preprocessing the brine to remove solid matter; adding a strong base to the continuously stirred tank reactor; contacting the brine with the base. Further provided herein are processes for creating a lithiated ion exchange media, which can comprise contacting a pH-elevated brine source with a bed of protonated ion exchange media; and producing a lithiated ion exchange media and a spent brine, wherein the bed of protonated ion exchange media comprises a metal oxide absorbent and a polymeric binder.

The present invention relates to a residential home water filter system and method. The water filter system comprises a filter stage, a water purification stage, a water storage stage, and a back-up water softening stage, to deliver filtered and purified water to consumers when needed. Water from a pressurized water source first flows through filter 16 and then to a first junction 18 to a reverse osmosis system 22 when a pump 24 is activated or to an ion exchange water softener 20 when the pump 24 is deactivated. The filtered and purified water is then stored in tank 26.

The invention relates to a system for reducing the hardness of a water body. According to the system, the acidic water body near a filter element anode is continuously extracted in the electrolytic process, the effect of acid-alkali separation can be achieved without internally disposing an ion exchange membrane, acid-alkali mixing generated by electrodes slows down, the alkaline atmosphere of a cathode chamber is kept, and a good environment is provided for generation of calcium carbonate seed crystals; and meanwhile, the acidic water body extracted near the anode of an electrochemical electrolysis unit can be used for regenerating ion exchange resin in an ion exchange column, so that resources are fully utilized.

Provided is a filter element comprising a filter element body having a cavity, a water inlet and a water outlet, an end cap, and a perforated partition, and the perforated partition is configured to divide the filter element body into a first chamber filled with an adsorption filter material and a second chamber filled with an ion exchange filter materials. In the present disclosure, the filter element is divided into two stages, and the primary filter material and the softening filter material are filled separately, and functions of both filtration and descaling are realized, addressing the issues blocking of water and reduced water flow in the coffee machine using a PP/PE filter element. Meanwhile, reduction in water flow caused by the mixing of the filter materials and the caking of the filter material is also solved.

This invention effectively suppresses the corrosion fatigue of a boiler evaporation tube that is associated with repeated stress attributed to the presence of a corrosive environment and scales. This method for suppressing corrosion fatigue of a boiler evaporation tube includes maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration of the boiler water at 1.0 mg/L or less. Preferably deionized water is used for the boiler water and a scale dispersant is present in the boiler water.

A dishwasher including: a cleaning chamber; a water tank which stores water in order to supply water to the cleaning chamber; a water softener which is connected to the water tank and to which a filter is mountable; and a regenerator which is connected to the water softener in order to regenerate the filter while the filter is mounted to the water softener, wherein the water tank comprises a softened water chamber that is supplied with water that has been softened in the water softener and stores same, and a recycled water chamber which receives softened water from the softened water chamber and is connected to the regenerator in order to supply water to the regenerator.