The present invention provides a method for reducing the concentration of aluminum and nickel cations in a brine comprising aluminum and nickel cations. The treated brine can be used as a feedstock to membrane cell chlor-alkali process.

Wastewater containing scale components, organic substances, inorganic ions, and the like, such as human effluent, generated in a closed system space, such as a nuclear shelter, a hazardous shelter, a space station or a moon-Mars mission manned spacecraft, or a lunar base is efficiently treated by a simple structural apparatus, so that water is recovered. After a hardness component is removed from water to be treated, such as human effluent, by a softening device, and heat exchange is performed between softening treated water and electrolysis treated water by a heat exchanger, by a high-temperature and high-pressure electrolysis device, organic substances, urea, ammonia, and the like are removed by electrolysis performed under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. After the electrolysis treated water is processed by a deaeration treatment using a deaeration membrane device, a desalting treatment is performed by acid/alkali manufacturing electrodialysis devices and provided in series at two stages.

The invention relates to an apparatus for applying foliar spray and more specifically, but not exclusively, to an apparatus for applying a carbon rich foliar spray. The apparatus (1) includes supply means (2) for supplying water (3) to the apparatus. The supply means (2) is in the form of a water tank (4) with pipe (5) extending from the tank, through a reverse osmosis water filtration unit (12), pump (6), and valve (7). A solute container (8) for holding solute (9) in the form an electrolyte solution of sodium ions (Na+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3—) formed by mixing sodium bicarbonate and water (3) from the supply means (2). The combinatory part (10) is connected to an ion exchange part (15) through valve (19), pipe (17) and pump (18). The prepared solution is the product of passing the diluted electrolyte solution (11) through the ion exchange column (15). The prepared solution now contains mostly negatively charged bicarbonate anions (HCO3—) and may be applied to the foliage of plants (26) through pump (27), pipes (28), and finally micro sprayers (29).

A medicament preparation system, according to an embodiment, includes a water purification module and a medicament proportioning module. The system is configured to allow convenient and safe use in a home environment or a critical care environment as well as others affording safety, reliability, and a compact form factor.

An electrolytic water softener which comprises a container, at least one cathode and at least one anode extending into the container, a power supply operatively connected to the cathode and anode, a vibrating device to vibrate the cathode, and a system for collecting material released from the cathode after operation of the vibration device.

A system for providing an acidic ionized ozonated liquid. The system includes a liquid inlet arranged to accept a liquid into the system; an acid-based cation-exchange resin in fluid communication with the liquid inlet, the resin adapted to exchange cations in the accepted liquid with H+ ions on the resin; an ozone dissolving apparatus in fluid communication with the liquid inlet and the acid-based cation-exchange resin; and a liquid outlet in fluid communication with the liquid inlet, the acid-based cation-exchange resin and the ozone dissolving apparatus. The ozone dissolving apparatus and the acid-based cation-exchange resin cooperating to produce the acidic ionized ozonated liquid for dispensation out of the system via the liquid outlet.

A medicament preparation system includes a water purification module and a medicament proportioning module that is interoperable with a replaceable fluid circuit. The fluid circuit includes a purified water inlet, a product medicament outlet, and a plurality of pumping tube segments. At least a first concentrate container is connected by at least a portion of the fluid circuit to the product medicament output and a first concentration measurement sensor station is positioned in a flow path. A controller is programmed to calculate iteratively a concentration of a first concentrate from the first concentrate container and the purified water from a signal generated by the first concentration measurement sensor station and to regulate one or both of a first pumping actuator engaged with the first pumping tube segment and a second pumping actuator engaged with the second pumping tube segment, responsively to the concentration of the first concentrate and water.

A water treatment assembly (10) and method for its operation, comprising a spiral wound hyperfiltration membrane module (12) connected to: i) a feed line (14) adapted for connection to a source of pressurized feed water, ii) a permeate line (16) adapted for connection to a dispenser of treated water and iii) a concentrate line (18) adapted for connection with a drain; wherein the assembly includes a pressurizable reservoir (22) containing weak acid cation exchange resin (25) and further includes at least one valve for selectively diverting flow of pressurized feed water along the feed line (14), through the reservoir (22) and returning to the feed line (14) prior to passing through the hyperfiltration membrane module (12).

The present invention discloses a beverage dispenser, including: an inlet connected to a water source; an outlet for dispensing the water to a user vessel; at least one filter element having an input and an output for filtered water; a pump for pumping water to the input of the filter element; a flow sensor connected between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the flow sensor determines the actual flow rate of the water; at least one water preparation element connected between the output for outputting filtered water and the outlet and adapted to prepare the water for drinking by a human, wherein the water preparation element comprises a water preparation rate input by which the water preparation rate of the water preparation element can be controlled; and a controller connected to the water preparation rate input of the water preparation element and the flow sensor, wherein the controller controls the water preparation rate of the water preparation element by a signal to the water preparation rate input such that the water preparation rate is proportional to the actual flow rate.

A method for removing silica from ultra pure water (UPW) comprises passing UPW through a filter comprising a microporous cationically charged membrane having an upstream surface and a downstream surface; and a porous asymmetric membrane having a first surface and an upstream portion and a downstream portion and a second surface, and a bulk between the first surface and the second surface including the upstream portion and the downstream portion, the porous asymmetric membrane having decreasing pore sizes in a direction from the first surface and the upstream portion to the downstream portion and the second surface, the second surface comprising a skin having a nanoporous average pore size, wherein the first surface of the porous asymmetric membrane contacts the downstream surface of the microporous cationically charged membrane; the method including passing the UPW through the microporous cationically charged membrane before passing the UPW through the porous asymmetric membrane.