Provided are water treatment systems and methods of treating water that include separating boron and concentrating lithium. For example, described are water treatment systems comprising: a first phase comprising a first plurality of electrodialysis units configured to separate boron from a feed stream, and a second phase comprising a second plurality of electrodialysis units, wherein the feed stream of at least one electrodialysis unit of the second plurality of electrodialysis units comprises an outlet brine stream of at least one electrodialysis unit of the first plurality of electrodialysis units, and wherein the second plurality of electrodialysis units are configured to produce a product brine stream achieving 90-99% lithium recovery.

A system for on-demand delivery of a sterile fluid includes a housing. At least one fluid reservoir is associated with the housing and configured to hold a fluid. A sterilization and/or purification mechanism is in fluid communication with the at least one fluid reservoir. The sterilization and/or purification mechanism is configured to sterilize the fluid. A dispensing mechanism is in fluid communication with the sterilization mechanism and configured to dispense the sterile fluid. A controller is associated with one or more of the housing, the at least one fluid reservoir, the sterilization and/or purification mechanism, and the dispensing mechanism. The controller being configured to modulate at least one operating characteristic of the system. The system is configured to deliver the sterile and/or purified fluid immediately after a request is made.

Methods of and systems for removing organic substance from condensate generated from an industrial evaporation process are provided. The condensate comprises water and the organic substance. The methods and systems provide solutions related to enthalpy recovery of industrial evaporation processes such as, for example, sugar cane juice evaporation processes, dairy evaporation processes, coffee processing evaporation processes, fruit juice evaporation processes, soup evaporation processes, and chemical industry evaporation processes.

The present application discloses a filtration device. The filtration device comprises a housing, a lid and a filtration material. The housing comprises at least one outlet hole at a bottom of the housing. The lid is coupled to the housing and comprises at least one inlet hole at a top of the lid. The filtration material is disposed within the housing and comprises a top layer, a particulate treatment layer, an activated carbon fiber layer and a bottom layer. The particulate treatment layer is coupled to the top layer. The activated carbon fiber layer is coupled to the particulate treatment layer. The bottom layer is coupled between the activated carbon fiber layer and the bottom of the housing. A filtration assembly is also disclosed in the present application.

A method for treating wastewater having one or more of suspended solids, dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand includes solids filtration followed by a bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic module fitted with anionically/cationically charged plates followed by a sub-sonic resonance module followed by another bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic module followed by a ultra-sonic resonance module followed by one or more anion/cation collection membrane modules. Recycle is provided in each step, wherein each step may be repeated, and wherein one or more of the steps can be bypassed.

A method of automatically ensuring against chloramine contamination in purified product water includes supplying input water to the system and purifying the water to generate the purified product water. The purifying includes removing chlorine and chloramine contamination from the water using a carbon filter and supplying chlorine-depleted water to a deionization filter, and deionizing the chlorine-depleted water using said deionization filter. The product water is supplied to a sensor for continuous monitoring of the resistivity of the purified product water by the first sensor, and an alarm is generated indicating possible chloramine breakthrough when the resistivity of the product water falls below a predetermined resistivity level, which is selected to provide a reserve filter capacity before breakthrough would occur. The carbon filter is replaced at least responsively to the alarm to ensure excess capacity of said carbon filter sufficient to prevent chloramine breakthrough in said product water.

A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate a continuously variable intensity of the actinic radiation.

A method for treating waste water from the decontamination of a metal surface in a primary coolant circuit of a nuclear reactor comprises discharging a predetermined amount of an oxidation solution from the primary coolant circuit into a reduction zone connected to the primary coolant circuit and reacting the oxidation solution with a reducing agent to form a reaction solution that is freed of oxidizing agent, and passing the reaction solution over an ion-exchange resin in order to form a desalinated solution, and returning the desalinated solution to the primary coolant and/or disposing of the desalinated solution. A waste water treatment apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

The present disclosure describes a filter device, e.g., a filter cartridge, for cleaning coolant water for an internal combustion engine. The filter device includes a filter housing defining a housing interior space through which coolant water can flow. An untreated water inlet and a clean water outlet are arranged in the filter housing. A water-permeable separating device divides the housing interior space into a first filtration zone and into a second filtration zone. A first packing material containing activated charcoal for removing dirt particles from the coolant water is present in the first filtration zone, and a second packing material containing hydronium cations and hydroxide anions for demineralizing the coolant water is present in the second filtration zone.

A fluid distributor valve (1) for repartitioning an inlet fluid stream (Z) into two outlet fluid streams (X, Y), comprising an inlet port (10), two outlet ports (11, 12), a first and a second valve mechanism (13, 14), one arranged upstream each outlet port (11, 12), wherein each valve mechanism (13, 14) comprises a valve body (15, 16) slidable in a cylindrical valve bore (17) in reciprocating strokes through a valve shaft (18), wherein the valve body (15, 16) includes a first portion (15a, 16a) that is formed with a progressively changing diameter so as to reduce a valve gap between the valve bore inner peripheral wall and the valve body outer peripheral wall at a plane (A, B) perpendicular to the stroke direction, in a regular operating range of the valve mechanism (13, 14), from a maximum valve gap to a minimum valve gap, to reduce or increase the flow rate through the gap towards the associated outlet port (11, 12) upon the relative movement, and wherein at least one of the valve bodies (15, 16) of the valve mechanisms (13, 14), preferably both, is/are formed such that the minimum valve gap is maintained at the end position of the stroke of the valve body (15, 16) in the regular operating range.