A disinfection system for treating water. In a specific example, the system treats water prior to its upload to an aircraft or other passenger transportation vehicle. One or more replaceable filters are positioned within a filter chamber housing in order to expose water flowing through the system to filtration treatment.

A water purification apparatus (1) comprising a RO-device (2) comprising a RO-membrane (2a). The RO-device (2) is configured to receive inlet water to be purified from an inlet path (19) and produce permeate water into a permeate path (22) and reject water into a reject path (23). The apparatus (1) also comprises a recirculation path (24) arranged to recirculate reject water from the reject path (23) to the inlet water. The apparatus further comprises a cooling arrangement (30) comprising a cooling device (31, 39). The cooling arrangement (30) is configured to cool the recirculated reject water in the recirculation path (24) with the cooling device (31, 39), and a control arrangement (40) configured to control the cooling arrangement (30) to cool the recirculated reject water in the recirculation path (24) in order to cool the RO-membrane (2a).

In one or more embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin. The method includes (a) disrupting or solubilizing microbial cells containing a polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin, and (b) separating the polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin from a composition obtained by the process (a). The process (a) and the process (b) use water with a calcium ion concentration (14.5 mg/L or less. The water used in the process (a) and the process (b) is preferably obtained by subjecting wastewater that is discharged from the production process of the polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin to microbial anaerobic and aerobic treatments, subsequently pre-filtration by a membrane bioreactor process, and further filtration with a calcium ion removal membrane This method provides the polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin with good color tone and high thermal stability.

Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a separation membrane element which has an element configuration having high fresh water production performance and high removal performance, has an improved membrane surface linear velocity whereby fouling due to hardly-soluble salts (scales) or organic matters is less likely to occur on the membrane surface particularly in high recovery ratio operation, and is excellent in fresh water production performance and removal performance over a long period of time.

The presently disclosed subject matter is generally directed to a system and method of reducing, reacting, and/or removing an oxidant or unwanted chemical species from a chemical stream. Particularly, the system and method include the use of one or more reductants that react with the undesired chemical species. The reductant and the chemical stream are added to a reactor and allowed to react for a desired amount of time. The reductant will reduce, react with, and/or remove the chemical species from the stream. The excess reductant and reaction products are then removed from the reactor, as described in more detail herein below.

A waste treatment system for separating contaminants including per-fluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from bulk solid waste (12). A preparation module (9) having a bulk material separator separates oversize material (14) from bulk solid waste (12). A physical separation module (13), located down-stream of the preparation module (9), separates the bulk solid waste (12) based on particle size using physical and/or hydrodynamic and/or density separation techniques. An extraction/chemical separation module (19), located downstream of the physical separation module (13), adds leachate and/or extractant to separate the contaminants from a slurry output from the physical separation module (13), into a fines output and a contaminated water solution. A water circulation system (21) supplies water to the physical separation module (13) and the extraction/chemical separation module (19), the water circulation system including at least one water treatment process, the treated water being recycled and recirculated within the waste treatment system.

An apparatus for the treatment of wastewater having: a primary treatment module with at least one solids separation filter; a secondary treatment module with at least one microflotation unit and at least one oxidation treatment unit placed downstream of the at least one microflotation unit, the at least one oxidation treatment unit has an advanced oxidation process module for performing chemical processes, the advanced oxidation process module performing an ozone and hypochlorite treatment; a tertiary treatment module including at least one membrane filtration unit; the apparatus provided with sequentially flowing wastewater from the primary treatment module, through the secondary treatment module, and to the tertiary treatment module. A method for wastewater treatment in an apparatus having as sequentially treating wastewater through the primary treatment module, the secondary treatment module, and the tertiary treatment module.

Disclosed is an intelligent circulation and allocation control system for multiple surface and ground water resources, including a physical, chemical and biological multi-stage decentralized restoration system, which is respectively connected with a water quality detection and reinjection system, an integrated data processing system, an intelligent safety early warning system, and an asynchronous and self-adaptive dual-regulation optimization control system, the water quality detection and reinjection system is connected with the intelligent safety early warning system, the intelligent safety early warning system is connected with the integrated data processing system, and the integrated data processing system is further connected with the asynchronous and self-adaptive dual-regulation optimization control system. The intelligent circulation and allocation control system is based on an improved wastewater treatment process coupling physical, chemical and biological technologies and combined with an artificial intelligence technology to treat various water sources in a macroscopic water environment and optimize allocation control.

A predictive system for monitoring fouling of membranes of a desalination or water softening plant includes ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and/or nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In addition, the system includes one or more UF skids including a plurality of UF units. Each UF unit contains therein a plurality of UF membranes. Further, the system includes one or more RO/NF skids including one or more RO/NF arrays. Each of the one or more RO/NF arrays includes a plurality of RO units, with each RO unit containing therein a plurality of RO membranes, a plurality of NF units, with each NF unit containing therein a plurality of NF membranes, or a combination thereof. Still further, the system includes UF sensors and/or RO/NF sensors. The system also includes a controller comprising a processor in signal communication with the UF sensors and/or the RO/NF sensors.